全虚拟化与半虚拟化的实现方式

目录

全虚拟化

不需要对GuestOS操作系统软件的源代码做任何的修改,就可以运行在这样的VMM中

在全虚拟化的虚拟平台中,GuestOS并不知道自己是一台虚拟机,它会认为自己就是运行在计算机物理硬件设备上的HostOS。因为全虚拟化的VMM会将一个OS所能够操作的CPU、内存、外设等物理设备逻辑抽象成为虚拟CPU、虚拟内存、虚拟外设等虚拟设备后,再交由GuestOS来操作使用。这样的GuestOS会将底层硬件平台视为自己所有的,但是实际上,这些都是VMM为GuestOS制造了这种假象。

全虚拟化又分为:软件辅助的全虚拟化 & 硬件辅助的全虚拟化

软件辅助的全虚拟化

软件辅助全虚拟化架构图
这里写图片描述

在Intel等CPU厂商还没有发布x86 CPU虚拟化技术之前,完全虚拟化都是通过软件辅助的方式来实现的。而软件辅助的全虚拟化主要是应用了两种机制:
1. 特权解除(优先级压缩):从上述的软件辅助全虚拟化架构图中可以看出,VMM、GuestOS、GuestApplications都是运行在Ring 1-3用户态中的应用程序代码。当在GuestOS中执行系统内核的特权指令时,一般都会触发异常。这是因为用户态代码不能直接运行在核心态中,而且系统内核的特权指令大多都只能运行在Ring 0核心态中。在触发了异常之后,这些异常就会被VMM捕获,再由VMM将这些特权指令进行虚拟化成为只针对虚拟

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In 1998, VMware figured out how to virtualize the x86 platform, once thought to be impossible, and created the market for x86 virtualization. The solution was a combination of binary translation and direct execution on the processor that allowed multiple guest OSes to run in full isolation on the same computer with readily affordable virtualization overhead. The savings that tens of thousands of companies have generated from the deployment of this technology is further driving the rapid adoption of virtualized computing from the desktop to the data center. As new vendors enter the space and attempt to differentiate their products, many are creating confusion with their marketing claims and terminology. For example, while hardware assist is a valuable technique that will mature and expand the envelope of workloads that can be virtualized, paravirtualization is not an entirely new technology that offers an “order of magnitude” greater performance. While this is a complex and rapidly evolving space, the technologies employed can be readily explained to help companies understand their options and choose a path forward. This white paper attempts to clarify the various techniques used to virtualize x86 hardware, the strengths and weaknesses of each, and VMware’s community approach to develop and employ the most effective of the emerging virtualization techniques. Figure 1 provides a summary timeline of x86 virtualization technologies from VMware’s binary translation to the recent application of kernel paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization.
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