RSA加密与解密

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 11:27:30 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA 文章标签： RSA加密与解密

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package utils;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

/**
 * <p>
 * RSA公钥/私钥/签名工具包
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * 罗纳德·李维斯特（Ron [R]ivest）、阿迪·萨莫尔（Adi [S]hamir）和伦纳德·阿德曼（Leonard [A]dleman）
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * 字符串格式的密钥在未在特殊说明情况下都为BASE64编码格式<br/>
 * 由于非对称加密速度极其缓慢，一般文件不使用它来加密而是使用对称加密，<br/>
 * 非对称加密算法可以用来对对称加密的密钥加密，这样保证密钥的安全也就保证了数据的安全
 * </p>
 * 
 * @author IceWee
 * @date 2012-4-26
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class RSAUtils {

	/**
	 * 加密算法RSA
	 */
	public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";

	/**
	 * 签名算法
	 */
	public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";

	/**
	 * 获取公钥的key
	 */
	private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";

	/**
	 * 获取私钥的key
	 */
	private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

	/**
	 * RSA最大加密明文大小
	 */
	private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;

	/**
	 * RSA最大解密密文大小
	 */
	private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 生成密钥对(公钥和私钥)
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static Map<String, Object> genKeyPair() throws Exception {
		KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
				.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		keyPairGen.initialize(1024);
		KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
		RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
		RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
		Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
		keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
		keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
		return keyMap;
	}

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            已加密数据
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            私钥(BASE64编码)
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
		byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey);
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		PrivateKey privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initSign(privateK);
		signature.update(data);
		return Base64Utils.encode(signature.sign());
	}

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 校验数字签名
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            已加密数据
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            公钥(BASE64编码)
	 * @param sign
	 *            数字签名
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 * 
	 */
	public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
			throws Exception {
		byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey);
		X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		PublicKey publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initVerify(publicK);
		signature.update(data);
		return signature.verify(Base64Utils.decode(sign));
	}

	/**
	 * <P>
	 * 私钥解密
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param encryptedData
	 *            已加密数据
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            私钥(BASE64编码)
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encryptedData,
			String privateKey) throws Exception {
		byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey);
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateK);
		int inputLen = encryptedData.length;
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		int offSet = 0;
		byte[] cache;
		int i = 0;
		// 对数据分段解密
		while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
			if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {
				cache = cipher
						.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
			} else {
				cache = cipher
						.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
			}
			out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
			i++;
			offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;
		}
		byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();
		out.close();
		return decryptedData;
	}

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 公钥解密
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param encryptedData
	 *            已加密数据
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            公钥(BASE64编码)
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] encryptedData,
			String publicKey) throws Exception {
		byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey);
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicK);
		int inputLen = encryptedData.length;
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		int offSet = 0;
		byte[] cache;
		int i = 0;
		// 对数据分段解密
		while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
			if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {
				cache = cipher
						.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
			} else {
				cache = cipher
						.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
			}
			out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
			i++;
			offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;
		}
		byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();
		out.close();
		return decryptedData;
	}

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 公钥加密
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            源数据
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            公钥(BASE64编码)
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String publicKey)
			throws Exception {
		byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey);
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
		// 对数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicK);
		int inputLen = data.length;
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		int offSet = 0;
		byte[] cache;
		int i = 0;
		// 对数据分段加密
		while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
			if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {
				cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
			} else {
				cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
			}
			out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
			i++;
			offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;
		}
		byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();
		out.close();
		return encryptedData;
	}

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 私钥加密
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            源数据
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            私钥(BASE64编码)
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String privateKey)
			throws Exception {
		byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey);
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateK);
		int inputLen = data.length;
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		int offSet = 0;
		byte[] cache;
		int i = 0;
		// 对数据分段加密
		while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
			if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {
				cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
			} else {
				cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
			}
			out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
			i++;
			offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;
		}
		byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();
		out.close();
		return encryptedData;
	}

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 获取私钥
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 *            密钥对
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
		return Base64Utils.encode(key.getEncoded());
	}

	/**
	 * <p>
	 * 获取公钥
	 * </p>
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 *            密钥对
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
		return Base64Utils.encode(key.getEncoded());
	}

}

Base64Utils文件

package utils;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.utils.Base64;  
/**
 * <p>
 * BASE64编码解码工具包
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * 依赖javabase64-1.3.1.jar
 * </p>
 * 
 * @author IceWee
 * @date 2012-5-19
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class Base64Utils {

    /**
     * 文件读取缓冲区大小
     */
    private static final int CACHE_SIZE = 1024;
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * BASE64字符串解码为二进制数据
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param base64
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decode(String base64) throws Exception {
        return Base64.decode(base64.getBytes());
    }
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * 二进制数据编码为BASE64字符串
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encode(byte[] bytes) throws Exception {
        return new String(Base64.encode(bytes));
    }
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * 将文件编码为BASE64字符串
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * 大文件慎用，可能会导致内存溢出
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param filePath 文件绝对路径
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encodeFile(String filePath) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = fileToByte(filePath);
        return encode(bytes);
    }
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * BASE64字符串转回文件
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param filePath 文件绝对路径
     * @param base64 编码字符串
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void decodeToFile(String filePath, String base64) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = decode(base64);
        byteArrayToFile(bytes, filePath);
    }
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * 文件转换为二进制数组
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param filePath 文件路径
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] fileToByte(String filePath) throws Exception {
        byte[] data = new byte[0];
        File file = new File(filePath);
        if (file.exists()) {
            FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
            ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(2048);
            byte[] cache = new byte[CACHE_SIZE];
            int nRead = 0;
            while ((nRead = in.read(cache)) != -1) {
                out.write(cache, 0, nRead);
                out.flush();
            }
            out.close();
            in.close();
            data = out.toByteArray();
         }
        return data;
    }
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * 二进制数据写文件
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param bytes 二进制数据
     * @param filePath 文件生成目录
     */
    public static void byteArrayToFile(byte[] bytes, String filePath) throws Exception {
        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);   
        File destFile = new File(filePath);
        if (!destFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
            destFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
        }
        destFile.createNewFile();
        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(destFile);
        byte[] cache = new byte[CACHE_SIZE];
        int nRead = 0;
        while ((nRead = in.read(cache)) != -1) {   
            out.write(cache, 0, nRead);
            out.flush();
        }
        out.close();
        in.close();
    }
    
    
}

测试用例：

package util;


import java.util.Map;

import RSAUtils;

public class RSATester {

    static String publicKey;
    static String privateKey;

    static {
        try {
            Map<String, Object> keyMap = RSAUtils.genKeyPair();
            publicKey = RSAUtils.getPublicKey(keyMap);
            privateKey = RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
            System.err.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey);
            System.err.println("私钥： \n\r" + privateKey);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        test();
        testSign();
    }

    static void test() throws Exception {
        System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
        String source = "这是一行没有任何意义的文字，你看完了等于没看，不是吗？";
        System.out.println("\r加密前文字：\r\n" + source);
        byte[] data = source.getBytes();
        byte[] encodedData = RSAUtils.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);
        System.out.println("加密后文字：\r\n" + new String(encodedData));
        byte[] decodedData = RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData, privateKey);
        String target = new String(decodedData);
        System.out.println("解密后文字: \r\n" + target);
    }

    static void testSign() throws Exception {
        System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");
        String source = "这是一行测试RSA数字签名的无意义文字";
        System.out.println("原文字：\r\n" + source);
        byte[] data = source.getBytes();
        byte[] encodedData = RSAUtils.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
        System.out.println("加密后：\r\n" + new String(encodedData));
        byte[] decodedData = RSAUtils.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);
        String target = new String(decodedData);
        System.out.println("解密后: \r\n" + target);
        System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
        String sign = RSAUtils.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
        System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);
        boolean status = RSAUtils.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
        System.err.println("验证结果:\r" + status);
    }
    
}

生成RSA密钥、保存到文件、从文件读取、加密、解密等操作

import java.security.Key;   
import java.security.KeyFactory;   
import java.security.KeyPair;   
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;   
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;   
import java.security.PrivateKey;   
import java.security.PublicKey;   
import java.security.SecureRandom;   
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;   
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;   
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;   
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;   
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;   
import javax.crypto.Cipher;   
import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException;   
import org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration;   
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;   
  
public class RSATest {   
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {   
        try {   
            RSATest encrypt = new RSATest();   
            String encryptText = "encryptText";   
  
            // Generate keys   
            KeyPair keyPair = encrypt.generateKey();   
            RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();   
            RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();   
  
            byte[] e = encrypt.encrypt(publicKey, encryptText.getBytes());   
            byte[] de = encrypt.decrypt(privateKey, e);   
            System.out.println(toHexString(e));   
            System.out.println(toHexString(de));   
        } catch (Exception e) {   
            e.printStackTrace();   
        }   
    }   
  
    public KeyPair generateKey() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {   
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");   
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());   
  
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();   
        return keyPair;   
    }   
  
    public void saveKey(KeyPair keyPair, String publicKeyFile,   
            String privateKeyFile) throws ConfigurationException {   
        PublicKey pubkey = keyPair.getPublic();   
        PrivateKey prikey = keyPair.getPrivate();   
  
        // save public key   
        PropertiesConfiguration publicConfig = new PropertiesConfiguration(   
                publicKeyFile);   
        publicConfig.setProperty("PULIICKEY", toHexString(pubkey.getEncoded()));   
        publicConfig.save();   
  
        // save private key   
        PropertiesConfiguration privateConfig = new PropertiesConfiguration(   
                privateKeyFile);   
        privateConfig.setProperty("PRIVATEKEY",   
                toHexString(prikey.getEncoded()));   
        privateConfig.save();   
    }   
  
    /**  
     * @param filename  
     * @param type：  
     *            1-public 0-private  
     * @return  
     * @throws ConfigurationException  
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException  
     * @throws InvalidKeySpecException  
     */  
    public Key loadKey(String filename, int type)   
            throws ConfigurationException, NoSuchAlgorithmException,   
            InvalidKeySpecException {   
        PropertiesConfiguration config = new PropertiesConfiguration(filename);   
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA",   
                new BouncyCastleProvider());   
  
        if (type == 0) {   
            // privateKey   
            String privateKeyValue = config.getString("PULIICKEY");   
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec priPKCS8 = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(   
                    toBytes(privateKeyValue));   
            PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(priPKCS8);   
            return privateKey;   
  
        } else {   
            // publicKey   
            String privateKeyValue = config.getString("PRIVATEKEY");   
            X509EncodedKeySpec bobPubKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(   
                    toBytes(privateKeyValue));   
            PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(bobPubKeySpec);   
            return publicKey;   
        }   
    }   
  
    /**  
     * Encrypt String.  
     *   
     * @return byte[]  
     */  
    protected byte[] encrypt(RSAPublicKey publicKey, byte[] data) {   
        if (publicKey != null) {   
            try {   
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA",   
                        new BouncyCastleProvider());   
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);   
                return cipher.doFinal(data);   
            } catch (Exception e) {   
                e.printStackTrace();   
            }   
        }   
        return null;   
    }   
  
    /**  
     * Basic decrypt method  
     *   
     * @return byte[]  
     */  
    protected byte[] decrypt(RSAPrivateKey privateKey, byte[] raw) {   
        if (privateKey != null) {   
            try {   
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA",   
                        new BouncyCastleProvider());   
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);   
                return cipher.doFinal(raw);   
            } catch (Exception e) {   
                e.printStackTrace();   
            }   
        }   
  
        return null;   
    }   
  
    public static String toHexString(byte[] b) {   
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(b.length * 2);   
        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {   
            sb.append(HEXCHAR[(b[i] & 0xf0) >>> 4]);   
            sb.append(HEXCHAR[b[i] & 0x0f]);   
        }   
        return sb.toString();   
    }   
  
    public static final byte[] toBytes(String s) {   
        byte[] bytes;   
        bytes = new byte[s.length() / 2];   
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {   
            bytes[i] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(s.substring(2 * i, 2 * i + 2),   
                    16);   
        }   
        return bytes;   
    }   
  
    private static char[] HEXCHAR = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',   
            '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };   
  
}

Java中RSA非对称密钥加解密使用示例

一、简介：

　　RSA加密算法是最常用的非对称加密算法，CFCA在证书服务中离不了它。RSA是第一个比较完善的公开密钥算法，它既能用于加密，也能用于数字签名。这个算法经受住了多年深入的密码分析，虽然密码分析者既不能证明也不能否定RSA的安全性，但这恰恰说明该算法有一定的可信性，目前它已经成为最流行的公开密钥算法。

　　二、RSA的公钥、私钥的组成，以及加密、解密的公式可见于下表

　　三、使用方式：

　　① 假设A、B机器进行通信，已A机器为主；

　　② A首先需要用自己的私钥为发送请求数据签名，并将公钥一同发送给B；

　　③ B收到数据后，需要用A发送的公钥进行验证，已确保收到的数据是未经篡改的；

　　④ B验签通过后，处理逻辑，并把处理结果返回，返回数据需要用A发送的公钥进行加密（公钥加密后，只能用配对的私钥解密）；

　　⑤ A收到B返回的数据，使用私钥解密，至此，一次数据交互完成。

　　四、代码示例：

　　1、第一步获取私钥，为签名做准备。

/**
     * 读取私钥  返回PrivateKey
     * @param path  包含私钥的证书路径
     * @param password  私钥证书密码
     * @return 返回私钥PrivateKey
     * @throws KeyStoreException
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     * @throws CertificateException
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
     */
    private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String path,String password)
            throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException,
            IOException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(path);
        char[] nPassword = null;
        if ((password == null) || password.trim().equals("")) {
            nPassword = null;
        } else {
            nPassword = password.toCharArray();
        }
        ks.load(fis, nPassword);
        fis.close();
        Enumeration<String> en = ks.aliases();
        String keyAlias = null;
        if (en.hasMoreElements()) {
            keyAlias = (String) en.nextElement();
        }
 
        return (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(keyAlias, nPassword);
    }

2、签名示例：通过第一步得到的私钥，进行签名操作，具体请看以下代码：

/**
     * 私钥签名： 签名方法如下：BASE64(RSA(MD5(src),privatekey))，其中src为需要签名的字符串，
privatekey是商户的CFCA证书私钥。
     * @param plainText 待签名字符串
     * @param path 签名私钥路径
     * @param password  签名私钥密码
     * @return 返回签名后的字符串
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String sign(String plainText,String path,String password)
            throws Exception  {
        /*
         * MD5加密
         */
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        md5.update(plainText.getBytes("utf-8"));
        byte[] digestBytes = md5.digest();
        /*
         * 用私钥进行签名 RSA
         * Cipher负责完成加密或解密工作，基于RSA
         */
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");
        //ENCRYPT_MODE表示为加密模式
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, getPrivateKey(path, password));
        //加密
        byte[] rsaBytes = cipher.doFinal(digestBytes);
        //Base64编码
        return Base64.byteArrayToBase64(rsaBytes);}

3、B收到数据后，需要使用A提供的公钥信息进行验签，此处使用公钥的N、E进行验签

　　首先通过公钥N、E得到公钥PublicKey，如下：

/** 
     * 根据公钥n、e生成公钥
     * @param modulus   公钥n串
     * @param publicExponent  公钥e串
     * @return 返回公钥PublicKey
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PublicKey getPublickKey(String modulus, String publicExponent)
            throws Exception {
        KeySpec publicKeySpec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(
                new BigInteger(modulus, 16), new BigInteger(publicExponent, 16));
        KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PublicKey publicKey = factory.generatePublic(publicKeySpec);
        return publicKey;
    }

得到公钥PublicKey后，再去验证签名，代码如下：

/**
     * 用公钥证书进行验签
     * @param message  签名之前的原文
     * @param cipherText  签名
     * @param pubKeyn 公钥n串
     * @param pubKeye 公钥e串
     * @return boolean 验签成功为true,失败为false
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static boolean verify(String message, String cipherText,String pubKeyn,
            String pubKeye) throws Exception {
        Cipher c4 = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");
        // 根据密钥，对Cipher对象进行初始化,DECRYPT_MODE表示解密模式
        c4.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, getPublickKey(pubKeyn,pubKeye));
        // 解密
        byte[] desDecTextBytes = c4.doFinal(Base64.base64ToByteArray(cipherText));
        // 得到前置对原文进行的MD5
        String md5Digest1 = Base64.byteArrayToBase64(desDecTextBytes);
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        md5.update(message.getBytes("utf-8"));
        byte[] digestBytes = md5.digest();
        // 得到商户对原文进行的MD5
        String md5Digest2 = Base64.byteArrayToBase64(digestBytes);
        // 验证签名
        if (md5Digest1.equals(md5Digest2)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

　至此，签名验签已经完毕

　　4、提供一个从.cer文件读取公钥的方法：

/**
     * 读取公钥cer
     * @param path .cer文件的路径  如：c:/abc.cer
     * @return  base64后的公钥串
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws CertificateException
     */
    public static String getPublicKey(String path) throws IOException,
    CertificateException{
        InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(path);
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int ch;
        String res = "";
        while ((ch = inStream.read()) != -1) {
            out.write(ch);
        }
        byte[] result = out.toByteArray();
        res = Base64.byteArrayToBase64(result);
        return res;
    }