二叉树的垂直遍历

题目:二叉树的垂直遍历

Given a binary tree, return the vertical order traversal of its nodes’ values. (ie, from top to bottom, column by column).

If two nodes are in the same row and column, the order should be from left to right.

例子:

Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7],

    3
   / \
  9  20
    /  \
   15   7

return its vertical order traversal as:

[
  [9],
  [3,15],
  [20],
  [7]
]

Given binary tree [3,9,20,4,5,2,7],

    _3_
   /   \
  9    20
 / 
下面是使用easyx图形库实现二叉树遍历的示例代码: ```cpp #include <graphics.h> #include <conio.h> #include <iostream> #include <queue> using namespace std; const int WIDTH = 800; // 窗口宽度 const int HEIGHT = 600; // 窗口高度 const int RADIUS = 25; // 节点半径 const int DISTANCE_X = 50; // 节点之间的水平距离 const int DISTANCE_Y = 70; // 节点之间的垂直距离 // 二叉树节点结构体 struct TreeNode { int val; TreeNode* left; TreeNode* right; TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} }; // 画节点 void drawNode(int x, int y, int val) { setlinecolor(BLACK); setfillcolor(LIGHTGRAY); fillellipse(x, y, RADIUS, RADIUS); setbkmode(TRANSPARENT); settextstyle(20, 0, _T("Arial")); settextcolor(BLACK); TCHAR str[10]; _stprintf_s(str, _T("%d"), val); outtextxy(x - 10, y - 10, str); } // 画边 void drawEdge(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) { setlinecolor(BLACK); setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 2); line(x1, y1 + RADIUS, x2, y2 - RADIUS); } // 递归先序遍历 void preOrder(TreeNode* root) { if (root == NULL) { return; } drawNode(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->val); if (root->left) { drawEdge(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->left->val, root->left->val * DISTANCE_Y); } if (root->right) { drawEdge(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->right->val, root->right->val * DISTANCE_Y); } preOrder(root->left); preOrder(root->right); } // 递归中序遍历 void inOrder(TreeNode* root) { if (root == NULL) { return; } inOrder(root->left); drawNode(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->val); if (root->left) { drawEdge(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->left->val, root->left->val * DISTANCE_Y); } if (root->right) { drawEdge(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->right->val, root->right->val * DISTANCE_Y); } inOrder(root->right); } // 递归后序遍历 void postOrder(TreeNode* root) { if (root == NULL) { return; } postOrder(root->left); postOrder(root->right); drawNode(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->val); if (root->left) { drawEdge(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->left->val, root->left->val * DISTANCE_Y); } if (root->right) { drawEdge(root->val, root->val * DISTANCE_Y, root->right->val, root->right->val * DISTANCE_Y); } } // 层序遍历 void levelOrder(TreeNode* root) { if (root == NULL) { return; } queue<TreeNode*> q; q.push(root); while (!q.empty()) { TreeNode* node = q.front(); q.pop(); drawNode(node->val, node->val * DISTANCE_Y, node->val); if (node->left) { drawEdge(node->val, node->val * DISTANCE_Y, node->left->val, node->left->val * DISTANCE_Y); q.push(node->left); } if (node->right) { drawEdge(node->val, node->val * DISTANCE_Y, node->right->val, node->right->val * DISTANCE_Y); q.push(node->right); } } } int main() { initgraph(WIDTH, HEIGHT); // 初始化图形窗口 setbkcolor(WHITE); // 设置背景颜色 cleardevice(); // 清屏 TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(1); root->left = new TreeNode(2); root->right = new TreeNode(3); root->left->left = new TreeNode(4); root->left->right = new TreeNode(5); root->right->left = new TreeNode(6); root->right->right = new TreeNode(7); //preOrder(root); //inOrder(root); //postOrder(root); levelOrder(root); getch(); // 暂停窗口 closegraph(); // 关闭图形窗口 return 0; } ``` 在Visual Studio中,需要配置easyx头文件和库文件路径,否则编译会出错。具体方法可以参考easyx官方文档或者网上其他教程。
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