[Spring]Spring框架搭建详解

首先是框架结构图解

Spring常用的xml标头

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

</beans>

第一步：在web.xml中配置Spring的入口DispatcherServlet

  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:springmvc-context.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

第二步：在springmvc-context.xml中配置注解扫描与视图解析器

    <!-- 
        对web包中的所有类进行扫描，以完成Bean创建和自动依赖注入的功能
        如果扫描到有@Component @Controller@Service等这些注解的类
        则把这些类注册为bean
     -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.jia.com" />

    <!-- 这个类用于Spring MVC视图解析 -->
    <beans:bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
        <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </beans:bean>

到这里，Spring最基本的框架已经搭建完成了，可以写个Controller测试一下

@Controller
@RequestMapping("LoginController")
public class LoginController {


    @RequestMapping("login")
    public String login(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response){
        System.out.println("  welcome !  ");
        return "login";
    }

}

启动web项目后，在浏览器访问是通过的，Spring最基本的框架搭建完成。下面我们在此框架的基础上进行功能扩展。

第三步：在springmvc-context.xml中配置Spring拦截器

    <!-- 拦截器配置 -->  
    <mvc:interceptors>  
      <mvc:interceptor>  
        <mvc:mapping path="/*/*"/>  
          <bean class="test.jia.com.interceptor.UrlsInterceptor">  
          <property name="urls">  
            <list>  
              <!-- 如果请求中包含以下路径，则不进行拦截 -->  
              <!-- 静态资源 -->
              <value>/js</value>  
              <value>/css</value>  
              <value>/image</value>  
              <value>/images</value>  
              <value>/png</value>  
              <value>/jpg</value> 
              <!-- 
                <value>/xxx.do</value> 
               --> 
            </list>  
          </property>  
        </bean>  
      </mvc:interceptor>  
    </mvc:interceptors> 

创建UrlsInterceptor拦截器

public class UrlsInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    //存放被拦截的资源路径
    private String[] urls;

    public void setUrls(String[] urls) {
        this.urls = urls;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
            throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
            Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            Object object) throws Exception {
        //设置回传格式与编码
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //获取请求
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        //判断uri是否为不拦截的资源
        for(String url : urls){
            if(requestURI.indexOf(url)!=-1){
                return true;
            }
        }

        //逻辑判断，是否拦截
        if (1==1) {
            //放行
            return true;
        }else {
            //拦截
            return false;
        }

    }
}

第四步：在springmvc-context.xml中读取property配置文件

    <!-- 引入配置文件 --> 
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/>
    <!-- 测试：将配置文件的username对应的值注入LoginUser的构造中 -->
    <beans:bean id="loginUser" class="test.jia.com.entity.LoginUser" >
        <constructor-arg value="${username}"></constructor-arg>
    </beans:bean>

注：一定要在web.xml配置Spring监听，因为Bean的注入依赖ContextLoaderListener监听

  <context-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-context.xml </param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!-- Spring 监听器 -->
  <listener> 
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class> 
  </listener> 

config.properties配置文件里的内容

username=username

测试：从控制层读取注入的loginUser

    @RequestMapping("login")
    public String login(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response){
        System.out.println("  welcome !  ");
        WebApplicationContext context = 
                WebApplicationContextUtils.
                    getWebApplicationContext(request.getSession().getServletContext());
        LoginUser loginUser = context.getBean("loginUser", LoginUser.class);
        System.out.println(loginUser);
        return "login";
    }

第五步：在springmvc-context.xml配置：避免IE执行AJAX时,返回JSON出现下载文件

    <!-- 避免IE执行AJAX时,返回JSON出现下载文件 -->
    <!-- 
        ①错误：
        Not found org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter
        解决方案：
        Spring版本变化导致，将class里的
        MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter改为MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter

        ②错误：
        NoClassDefFoundError: com/fasterxml/jackson/core/JsonProcessingException
        解决方案：需要jackson相关Jar包支持
        Jar依赖：  jackson-core-2.6.0-rc4.jar
                jackson-databind-2.6.0-rc4.jar
                jackson-annotations-2.6.0-rc4.jar
     -->
    <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"
        class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
            <list>
                <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

第六步：在springmvc-context.xml配置Spring的文件上传相关内容

    <!-- 配置springmvc的上传功能 id必须是multipartResolver -->
    <!-- 
        错误：
        NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/FileItemFactory

        解决方案：
        Spring的CommonsMultipartResolver需要apache的FileItemFactory支持
        Jar依赖： commons-fileupload.jar
                commons-io.jar
     -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <!-- maxUploadSize:文件上传的最大值以byte为单位 -->
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
        <!-- 设置默认编码 -->
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
    </bean>

第七步：在web.xml配置字符编码过滤器

    <!-- 字符编码过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <!-- 注入默认属性 -->
        <init-param>
            <description>字符集编码</description>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <!-- 过滤器名称 -->
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <!-- 拦截哪些请求 -->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>