如何在caffe中添加新的Layer

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-21 20:38:02 发布

KCDKFT

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-21 20:38:02 发布

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分类专栏： CNN caffe 深度学习机器学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kuaitoukid/article/details/41865803

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本文分为两部分，先写一个入门的教程，然后再给出自己添加maxout与NIN的layer的方法

（一）

其实在Github上已经有答案了（https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/684）

Here's roughly the process I follow.

Add a class declaration for your layer to the appropriate one of common_layers.hpp, data_layers.hpp,loss_layers.hpp, neuron_layers.hpp, or vision_layers.hpp. Include an inline implementation oftype and the *Blobs() methods to specify blob number requirements. Omit the *_gpu declarations if you'll only be implementing CPU code.
Implement your layer in layers/your_layer.cpp.
- SetUp for initialization: reading parameters, allocating buffers, etc.
- Forward_cpu for the function your layer computes
- Backward_cpu for its gradient
(Optional) Implement the GPU versions Forward_gpu and Backward_gpu in layers/your_layer.cu.
Add your layer to proto/caffe.proto, updating the next available ID. Also declare parameters, if needed, in this file.
Make your layer createable by adding it to layer_factory.cpp.
Write tests in test/test_your_layer.cpp. Use test/test_gradient_check_util.hpp to check that your Forward and Backward implementations are in numerical agreement.

上面是一个大致的流程，我就直接翻译过来吧，因为我自己琢磨出来的步骤跟这个是一样的。在这里，我们就添加一个Wtf_Layer，然后作用跟Convolution_Layer一模一样。注意这里的命名方式，Wtf第一个字母大写，剩下的小写，算是一个命名规范吧，强迫症表示很舒服。

1. 首先确定要添加的layer的类型，是common_layer 还是 data_layer 还是loss_layer, neuron_layer, vision_layer ，这里的Wtf_Layer肯定是属vision_layer了，所以打开vision_layers.hpp 然后复制convolution_layer的相关代码，把类名还有构造函数的名字改为WtfLayer，如果没有用到GPU运算，那么把里面的带GPU的函数都删掉

2. 将Wtf_layer.cpp 添加到src\caffe\layers文件夹中，代码内容复制convolution_layer.cpp 把对应的类名修改（可以搜一下conv关键字，然后改为Wtf）

3. 假如有gpu的代码就添加响应的Wtf_layer.cu （这里不添加了）

4. 修改proto/caffe.proto文件，找到LayerType，添加WTF，并更新ID（新的ID应该是34）。假如说Wtf_Layer有参数，比如Convolution肯定是有参数的，那么添加WtfParameter类

5. 在layer_factory.cpp中添加响应的代码，就是一堆if ... else的那片代码

6. 这个可以不做，但是为了结果还是做一个，就是写一个测试文件，检查前向后向传播的数据是否正确。gradient_check的原理可以参考UFLDL教程的对应章节

之后我会更新我自己写的maxout_layer的demo，在这立一个flag以鞭策自己完成吧╮(╯▽╰)╭

（二）如何添加maxout_layer

表示被bengio的maxout给搞郁闷了，自己摆出一个公式巴拉巴拉说了一堆，结果用到卷积层的maxout却给的另一种方案，吐槽无力，不过后来又想了下应该是bengio没表述清楚的问题。

我的maxout的算法思路是这样的，首先要确定一个group_size变量，表示最大值是在group_size这样一个规模的集合下挑选出来的，简而言之就是给定group_size个数，取最大。确定好group_size变量，然后让卷积层的output_num变为原来的group_size倍，这样输出的featuremap的个数就变为原来的group_size倍，然后以group_size为一组划分这些featuremap，每组里面挑出响应最大的点构成一个新的featuremap，这样就得到了maxout层的输出。

要是还不明白我就拿上面的图来说一下，上面一共9张图，相当于卷积层输出9张featuremap，我们每3个为一组，那么maxout层输出9/3=3张featuremap，对于每组featuremaps，比如我们挑出绿色的三张featuremaps，每张大小为w*h，那么声明一个新的output_featuremap大小为w*h，遍历output_featuremap的每个点，要赋的数值为三张绿色featuremap对应点的最大的那个，也就是三个数里面选最大的，这样就输出了一张output_featuremap，剩下的组类似操作。

我觉得到这应该明白maxout的原理跟算法了吧= =，下面就直接贴代码了

新建一个maxout_layer.cpp放到src/caffe/layer文件夹下

#include <cstdio>

#include <vector>



#include "caffe/filler.hpp"

#include "caffe/layer.hpp"

#include "caffe/util/im2col.hpp"

#include "caffe/util/math_functions.hpp"

#include "caffe/vision_layers.hpp"



namespace caffe {



template <typename Dtype>

void MaxoutLayer<Dtype>::SetUp(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,

      vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* top) {

  Layer<Dtype>::SetUp(bottom, top);

  printf("===============================================================has go into setup !==============================================\n");

  MaxoutParameter maxout_param = this->layer_param_.maxout_param();

  

  

  // maxout_size

  //CHECK(!maxout_param.has_num_output())

  //    << "maxout size are required.";

  //if (maxout_param.has_num_output()) {

  //  num_output_ = maxout_param.num_output();

  //}

  num_output_ = this->layer_param_.maxout_param().num_output();

  CHECK_GT(num_output_, 0) << "output number cannot be zero.";

  

  // bottom ÊÇFEATURE_MAP

  num_ = bottom[0]->num();

  channels_ = bottom[0]->channels();

  height_ = bottom[0]->height();

  width_ = bottom[0]->width();

  

  // Ã²ËÆÏÂÃæÕâžöif²»»áÅÜœøÈ¥

  // TODO: generalize to handle inputs of different shapes.

  for (int bottom_id = 1; bottom_id < bottom.size(); ++bottom_id) {

    CHECK_EQ(num_, bottom[bottom_id]->num()) << "Inputs must have same num.";

    CHECK_EQ(channels_, bottom[bottom_id]->channels())

        << "Inputs must have same channels.";

    CHECK_EQ(height_, bottom[bottom_id]->height())

        << "Inputs must have same height.";

    CHECK_EQ(width_, bottom[bottom_id]->width())

        << "Inputs must have same width.";

  }

  

  // Set the parameters ž³Öµ²ÎÊý

  CHECK_EQ(channels_ % num_output_, 0)

      << "Number of channel should be multiples of output number.";

	  

  group_size_ = channels_ / num_output_;

  

  // Figure out the dimensions for individual gemms. ŒÆËãŸØÕóµÄÐÐÁÐ

  

  // ÆäÊµBengioµÄÂÛÎÄÖÐ¶ÔÓÚK_µÄŽóÐ¡¶šÒåºÜÄ£ºý£¬¶ÔÓÚÍŒÏñœöœöÊÇžøÁËe.g.

  // Ò²Ã»ÓÐËµµœµ×ÊµŒÊÊÇ²»ÊÇÕâÃŽ²Ù×÷µÄ£¬ÒòÎªÈç¹ûÕæµÄÊÇchannelÖ±œÓœøÐÐ±ÈœÏ

  // ÄÇÃŽŸÍžúÀíÂÛµÄ¹«ÊœÎÇºÏµÄ²»ºÃ£¬µ«ÊÇÄÜ¹»œâÊÍÍŒÏñ£¬±ÈÈçËµÄÃ³ö×îºÃµÄÒ»²ã

  // ¶øÇÒÍŒÏñžú·ÇÍŒÏñµÄmaxoutµÄ×ö·š²îÌ«¶àÁË°¡¡£ŒÙÈç×öµœŒæÈÝµÄ»°Ö»ÄÜÈÃÇ°Ò»²ã

  // µÄoutput_numÅäºÏmaxout

  

  //for (int top_id = 0; top_id < top->size(); ++top_id) {

    (*top)[0]->Reshape(num_, num_output_, height_, width_); // œöœöÊÇžÄ±äµÄchannelžöÊý
    max_idx_.Reshape(num_, num_output_, height_, width_);

  //}

}





template <typename Dtype>

Dtype MaxoutLayer<Dtype>::Forward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,

      vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* top) {

	 

	int featureSize = height_ * width_;

	Dtype* mask = NULL;

	mask = max_idx_.mutable_cpu_data();



//printf("1.maxout_forward\n");
	
	const int top_count = (*top)[0]->count();

	caffe_set(top_count, Dtype(0), mask);

	

//printf("2.maxout_forward\n");
	



	for (int i = 0; i < bottom.size(); ++i) {

		const Dtype* bottom_data = bottom[i]->cpu_data();

		Dtype* top_data = (*top)[i]->mutable_cpu_data();  

				

		for (int n = 0; n < num_; n ++) {

			// È¡µÚnÕÅÍŒÏñ

			for (int o = 0; o < num_output_; o ++) {

				for (int g = 0; g < group_size_; g ++) {

					if (g == 0) {

						for (int h = 0; h < height_; h ++) { // Áœ²ãÑ»·ÓÐµã¶ùªàÂ

							for (int w = 0; w < width_; w ++) {

								int index = w + h * width_;

								top_data[index] = bottom_data[index];

								mask[index] = index;

							}

						}

					}

					else {

						for (int h = 0; h < height_; h ++) {

							for (int w = 0; w < width_; w ++) {

								int index0 = w + h * width_;

								int index1 = index0 + g * featureSize;

								if (top_data[index0] < bottom_data[index1]) {

									top_data[index0] = bottom_data[index1];

									mask[index0] = index1;

								}								

							}

						}

					}

				}

				bottom_data += featureSize * group_size_;

				top_data += featureSize;

				mask += featureSize;

			}

		}

	}



	return Dtype(0.);

}



template <typename Dtype>

void MaxoutLayer<Dtype>::Backward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,

      const vector<bool>& propagate_down, vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* bottom) {

	if (!propagate_down[0]) {

		return;

	}

	const Dtype* top_diff = top[0]->cpu_diff();

	Dtype* bottom_diff = (*bottom)[0]->mutable_cpu_diff();

	caffe_set((*bottom)[0]->count(), Dtype(0), bottom_diff);

	const Dtype* mask = max_idx_.mutable_cpu_data();

	int featureSize = height_ * width_;


	for (int i = 0; i < top.size(); i ++) {

		const Dtype* top_diff = top[i]->cpu_diff();

		Dtype* bottom_diff = (*bottom)[i]->mutable_cpu_diff();  

				

		for (int n = 0; n < num_; n ++) {

			// È¡µÚnÕÅÍŒÏñ

			for (int o = 0; o < num_output_; o ++) {

				for (int h = 0; h < height_; h ++) { // Áœ²ãÑ»·ÓÐµã¶ùªàÂ

					for (int w = 0; w < width_; w ++) {

						int index = w + h * width_;

						int bottom_index = mask[index];

						bottom_diff[bottom_index] += top_diff[index];

					}

				}

				bottom_diff += featureSize * group_size_;

				top_diff += featureSize;

				mask += featureSize;

			}

		}

	}

}



//#ifdef CPU_ONLY

//STUB_GPU(MaxoutLayer);

//#endif



INSTANTIATE_CLASS(MaxoutLayer);



}  // namespace caffe

里面的乱码是中文，到了linux里面就乱码了，不影响，还一个printf是测试用的（要被笑话用printf了= =）

vision_layers.hpp 里面添加下面的代码

/* MaxoutLayer
*/
template <typename Dtype>
class MaxoutLayer : public Layer<Dtype> {
 public:
  explicit MaxoutLayer(const LayerParameter& param)
      : Layer<Dtype>(param) {}
  virtual void SetUp(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
      vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* top); // 为什么需要bottom与top，肯定的啊，
	  //要初始化bottom top的形状
  virtual inline LayerParameter_LayerType type() const {
    return LayerParameter_LayerType_MAXOUT;
  }

 protected:
  virtual Dtype Forward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
      vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* top);
  //virtual Dtype Forward_gpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,
  //    vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* top);
  virtual void Backward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,
      const vector<bool>& propagate_down, vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* bottom);
  //virtual void Backward_gpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,
  //    const vector<bool>& propagate_down, vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* bottom);
  
  int num_output_;
  int num_;
  int channels_;
  int height_;
  int width_;
  int group_size_;
  Blob<Dtype> max_idx_;
  
};

剩下的是layer_factory.cpp 的改动，不说明了，然后是proto文件的改动

message MaxoutParameter {
  optional uint32 num_output = 1; // The number of outputs for the layer
}

额，当然还有proto文件的其他改动也不说明了，还有test文件，我没写，因为我自己跑了下demo，没啥问题，所以代码可以说是正确的。

不过要说明的是，目前的代码不能接在全连接层后面，是我里面有几句代码写的有问题，之后我会改动一下，问题不大。

然后就是NIN的实现了，表示自己写的渣一样的代码啊，效率目测很低。哦对了，这些都是CPU算的，GPU不大会，还没打算写。

NIN_layer 的实现

我之前一直以为Github上的network in network 是有问题的，事实证明，我最后也写成了Github上面的样子= =所以大家自行搜索caffe+network in network吧……不过得翻墙下载，所以我就把网络格式的代码直接贴出来（cifar10数据库的网络结构）

layers {
  name: "cifar"
  type: DATA
  top: "data"
  top: "label"
  data_param {
    source: "cifar-train-leveldb"
    batch_size: 128
  }
  include: { phase: TRAIN }
}
layers {
  name: "cifar"
  type: DATA
  top: "data"
  top: "label"
  data_param {
    source: "cifar-test-leveldb"
    batch_size: 100
  }
  include: { phase: TEST }
}
layers {
  name: "conv1"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "data"
  top: "conv1"
  blobs_lr: 1
  blobs_lr: 2
  weight_decay: 1.
  weight_decay: 0.
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 192
    pad: 2
    kernel_size: 5
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu1"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "conv1"
  top: "conv1"
}
layers {
  name: "cccp1"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "conv1"
  top: "cccp1"
  blobs_lr: 1
  blobs_lr: 2
  weight_decay: 1
  weight_decay: 0
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 160
    group: 1
    kernel_size: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
      value: 0
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu_cccp1"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "cccp1"
  top: "cccp1"
}
layers {
  name: "cccp2"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "cccp1"
  top: "cccp2"
  blobs_lr: 1
  blobs_lr: 2
  weight_decay: 1
  weight_decay: 0
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 96
    group: 1
    kernel_size: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
      value: 0
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu_cccp2"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "cccp2"
  top: "cccp2"
}
layers {
  name: "pool1"
  type: POOLING
  bottom: "cccp2"
  top: "pool1"
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 3
    stride: 2
  }
}
layers {
  name: "drop3"
  type: DROPOUT
  bottom: "pool1"
  top: "pool1"
  dropout_param {
    dropout_ratio: 0.5
  }
}
layers {
  name: "conv2"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "pool1"
  top: "conv2"
  blobs_lr: 1
  blobs_lr: 2
  weight_decay: 1.
  weight_decay: 0.
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 192
    pad: 2
    kernel_size: 5
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu2"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "conv2"
  top: "conv2"
}
layers {
  name: "cccp3"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "conv2"
  top: "cccp3"
  blobs_lr: 1
  blobs_lr: 2
  weight_decay: 1
  weight_decay: 0
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 192
    group: 1
    kernel_size: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
      value: 0
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu_cccp3"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "cccp3"
  top: "cccp3"
}
layers {
  name: "cccp4"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "cccp3"
  top: "cccp4"
  blobs_lr: 1
  blobs_lr: 2
  weight_decay: 1
  weight_decay: 0
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 192
    group: 1
    kernel_size: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
      value: 0
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu_cccp4"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "cccp4"
  top: "cccp4"
}
layers {
  name: "pool2"
  type: POOLING
  bottom: "cccp4"
  top: "pool2"
  pooling_param {
    pool: AVE
    kernel_size: 3
    stride: 2
  }
}
layers {
  name: "drop6"
  type: DROPOUT
  bottom: "pool2"
  top: "pool2"
  dropout_param {
    dropout_ratio: 0.5
  }
}
layers {
  name: "conv3"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "pool2"
  top: "conv3"
  blobs_lr: 1.
  blobs_lr: 2.
  weight_decay: 1.
  weight_decay: 0.
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 192
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu3"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "conv3"
  top: "conv3"
}
layers {
  name: "cccp5"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "conv3"
  top: "cccp5"
  blobs_lr: 1
  blobs_lr: 2
  weight_decay: 1
  weight_decay: 0
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 192
    group: 1
    kernel_size: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
      value: 0
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu_cccp5"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "cccp5"
  top: "cccp5"
}
layers {
  name: "cccp6"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  bottom: "cccp5"
  top: "cccp6"
  blobs_lr: 0.1
  blobs_lr: 0.1
  weight_decay: 1
  weight_decay: 0
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 10
    group: 1
    kernel_size: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "gaussian"
      std: 0.05
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
      value: 0
    }
  }
}
layers {
  name: "relu_cccp6"
  type: RELU
  bottom: "cccp6"
  top: "cccp6"
}
layers {
  name: "pool3"
  type: POOLING
  bottom: "cccp6"
  top: "pool3"
  pooling_param {
    pool: AVE
    kernel_size: 8
    stride: 1
  }
}
layers {
  name: "accuracy"
  type: ACCURACY
  bottom: "pool3"
  bottom: "label"
  top: "accuracy"
  include: { phase: TEST }
}
layers {
  name: "loss"
  type: SOFTMAX_LOSS
  bottom: "pool3"
  bottom: "label"
  top: "loss"
}

训练参数

test_iter: 100
test_interval: 500
base_lr: 0.1
momentum: 0.9
weight_decay: 0.0001
lr_policy: "step"
gamma: 0.1
stepsize: 100000
display: 100
max_iter: 120000
snapshot: 10000
snapshot_prefix: "cifar10_nin"

该文章算是告一段落了，剩下的任务就是如何训练得到state-of-the-art了