How tomcat works 笔记 01

一个 servlet 容器要为一个 servlet 的请求提供服务，基本上有三件事要做:

1.   创建一个 request 对象并填充那些有可能被所引用的 servlet 使用的信息，如参数、头部、cookies、查询字符串、URI 等等。一个 request 对象javax.servlet.ServletRequest 或 javax.servlet.http.ServletRequest 接口的一个实例。 

 

2.  创建一个 response 对象，所引用的 servlet 使用它来给客户端发送响应。一个 response对象 javax.servlet.ServletResponse 或 javax.servlet.http.ServletResponse 接口的一个实例。  

3. 调用 servlet 的 service 方法，并传入 request 和 response 对象。在这里 servlet 会从 request 对象取值，给 response 写值。

catalina：

1. 主要由两个模块组成：连接器(connector)和容器(container)。一个容器(container)对应多个连接器(connector)。

2. 连接器是用来“连接”容器里边的请求的。它的工作是为接收到每一个 HTTP 请求构造一个 request 和 response 对象。

然后它把流程传递给容器。容器从连接器接收到 requse和 response 对象之后调用 servlet 的 service 方法用于响应。

代码：

HttpServer:

package ext01.pyrmont;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class HttpServer {	
	
	public static final String WEB_ROOT = System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "webroot";
	private boolean shutdown = false;
	private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOMW"; 

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
		server.await();
	}

	public void await(){
		ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
		int port = 8080;
		try {
			serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
		}  catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		while(!shutdown){
			Socket socket = null;
			InputStream inputStream = null;
			OutputStream outputStream = null;

			try {
				socket = serverSocket.accept();
				inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
				outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

				Request request = new Request(inputStream);
				request.parse();
				Response response = new Response(outputStream);
				response.setRequest(request);
				response.sendStaticResource();
				socket.close();
				
				//request.getUri可能会返回null值。由于做了异常处理，所以循环会继续。
				shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				continue;
			}
		}
	}
}

Request:

package ext01.pyrmont;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class Request {
	private InputStream inputStream;
	private String uri;
	
	public Request(InputStream inputStream) {
		this.inputStream = inputStream;
	}
	
	//从输入流中获取uri
	public void parse() {
		StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
		int i;
		byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
		try {
			i = inputStream.read(buffer);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			//i = -1时，下面for循环条件则不会成立。
			i = -1;
		}
		for(int j=0; j<i; j++){
			request.append((char)buffer[j]);
		}
		System.out.println(request.toString());
		uri = parseUri(request.toString());
	}
	
	public String getUri() {
		return uri;
	}
	
	//获取Uri
	private String parseUri(String requestString){
		int index1,index2;
		index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
		if(index1 != -1){
			index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1);
			if(index2 > index1){
				return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
			}
		}
		return null;
	}
		
}

Response:

package ext01.pyrmont;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

public class Response {
	private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
	private OutputStream output;
	private Request request;

	public Response(OutputStream outputStream) {
		this.output = outputStream;
	}

	public void setRequest(Request request) {
		this.request = request;
	}

	public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
		FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
		byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
		try {
			//获取request中的uri，找到对应的文件。
			File file = new File(HttpServer.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
			if(file.exists()){

				fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
				int i = fileInputStream.read(bytes, 0 ,BUFFER_SIZE);
				while(i != -1){
					output.write(bytes, 0, i);
					i = fileInputStream.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
				}
			}
			//404错误
			else{
				String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n" +
						"Content-Type: text/html\r\n" +
						"Content-Length: 23\r\n" +
						"\r\n" +
						"<h1> File Not Found!</h1>";
				output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally{
			if(fileInputStream != null){
				fileInputStream.close();
			}
		}

	}

}

第一章比较简单。