在程序开发过程中，LOG是广泛使用的用来记录程序执行过程的机制，它既可以用于程序调试，也可以用于产品运营中的事件记录。在Android系统中，提供了简单、便利的LOG机制，开发人员可以方便地使用。在这一篇文章中，我们简单介绍在Android内核空间和用户空间中LOG的使用和查看方法。
下图简单演示log使用方法
public class LogDemo extends Activity {
private static final String ACTIVITY_TAG="LogDemo";
private Button bt;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//通过findViewById找到Button资源
bt = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bt);
//增加事件响应
bt.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Log.v(LogDemo.ACTIVITY_TAG, "This is Verbose.");
Log.d(LogDemo.ACTIVITY_TAG, "This is Debug.");
Log.i(LogDemo.ACTIVITY_TAG, "This is Information");
Log.w(LogDemo.ACTIVITY_TAG, "This is Warnning.");
Log.e(LogDemo.ACTIVITY_TAG, "This is Error.");
}
});
}
}
public static int v(String tag, String msg) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg);
}
/**
* Send a {@link #VERBOSE} log message and log the exception.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
* @param tr An exception to log
*/
public static int v(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
}
/**
* Send a {@link #DEBUG} log message.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
*/
public static int d(String tag, String msg) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg);
}
/**
* Send a {@link #DEBUG} log message and log the exception.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
* @param tr An exception to log
*/
public static int d(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
}
/**
* Send an {@link #INFO} log message.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
*/
public static int i(String tag, String msg) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, INFO, tag, msg);
}
/**
* Send a {@link #INFO} log message and log the exception.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
* @param tr An exception to log
*/
public static int i(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, INFO, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
}
/**
* Send a {@link #WARN} log message.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
*/
public static int w(String tag, String msg) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, msg);
}
/**
* Send a {@link #WARN} log message and log the exception.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
* @param tr An exception to log
*/
public static int w(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
}
/**
* Checks to see whether or not a log for the specified tag is loggable at the specified level.
*
* The default level of any tag is set to INFO. This means that any level above and including
* INFO will be logged. Before you make any calls to a logging method you should check to see
* if your tag should be logged. You can change the default level by setting a system property:
* 'setprop log.tag.<YOUR_LOG_TAG> <LEVEL>'
* Where level is either VERBOSE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, ASSERT, or SUPPRESS. SUPPRESS will
* turn off all logging for your tag. You can also create a local.prop file that with the
* following in it:
* 'log.tag.<YOUR_LOG_TAG>=<LEVEL>'
* and place that in /data/local.prop.
*
* @param tag The tag to check.
* @param level The level to check.
* @return Whether or not that this is allowed to be logged.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException is thrown if the tag.length() > 23.
*/
public static native boolean isLoggable(String tag, int level);
/*
* Send a {@link #WARN} log message and log the exception.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param tr An exception to log
*/
public static int w(String tag, Throwable tr) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, getStackTraceString(tr));
}
/**
* Send an {@link #ERROR} log message.
* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
* @param msg The message you would like logged.
*/
public static int e(String tag, String msg) {
return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, ERROR, tag, msg);
}
e d w 和 i 函数又调用
println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, ERROR, tag, msg)public static native int println_native(int bufID,
int priority, String tag, String msg);
}
明显这个函数是 本地函数！！调用本地库。这也说明了log实现是在linux 层实现的，这个函数调用jni函数 在frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Log.cpp文件中的android_util_Log_println_native函数
namespace android {
struct levels_t {
jint verbose;
jint debug;
jint info;
jint warn;
jint error;
jint assert;
};
static levels_t levels;
static int toLevel(const char* value)
{
switch (value[0]) {
case 'V': return levels.verbose;
case 'D': return levels.debug;
case 'I': return levels.info;
case 'W': return levels.warn;
case 'E': return levels.error;
case 'A': return levels.assert;
case 'S': return -1; // SUPPRESS
}
return levels.info;
}
static jboolean isLoggable(const char* tag, jint level) {
String8 key;
key.append(LOG_NAMESPACE);
key.append(tag);
char buf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
if (property_get(key.string(), buf, "") <= 0) {
buf[0] = '\0';
}
int logLevel = toLevel(buf);
return logLevel >= 0 && level >= logLevel;
}
static jboolean android_util_Log_isLoggable(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring tag, jint level)
{
if (tag == NULL) {
return false;
}
const char* chars = env->GetStringUTFChars(tag, NULL);
if (!chars) {
return false;
}
jboolean result = false;
if ((strlen(chars)+sizeof(LOG_NAMESPACE)) > PROPERTY_KEY_MAX) {
char buf2[200];
snprintf(buf2, sizeof(buf2), "Log tag \"%s\" exceeds limit of %d characters\n",
chars, PROPERTY_KEY_MAX - sizeof(LOG_NAMESPACE));
jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException", buf2);
} else {
result = isLoggable(chars, level);
}
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(tag, chars);
return result;
}
bool android_util_Log_isVerboseLogEnabled(const char* tag) {
return isLoggable(tag, levels.verbose);
}
/*
* In class android.util.Log:
* public static native int println_native(int buffer, int priority, String tag, String msg)
*/
static jint android_util_Log_println_native(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
jint bufID, jint priority, jstring tagObj, jstring msgObj)
{
const char* tag = NULL;
const char* msg = NULL;
if (msgObj == NULL) {
jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "println needs a message");
return -1;
}
if (bufID < 0 || bufID >= LOG_ID_MAX) {
jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "bad bufID");
return -1;
}
if (tagObj != NULL)
tag = env->GetStringUTFChars(tagObj, NULL);
msg = env->GetStringUTFChars(msgObj, NULL);
int res = __android_log_buf_write(bufID, (android_LogPriority)priority, tag, msg);
if (tag != NULL)
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(tagObj, tag);
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(msgObj, msg);
return res;
}
/*
* JNI registration.
*/
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
/* name, signature, funcPtr */
{ "isLoggable", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Z", (void*) android_util_Log_isLoggable },
{ "println_native", "(IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I", (void*) android_util_Log_println_native },
};
int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env)
{
jclass clazz = env->FindClass("android/util/Log");
if (clazz == NULL) {
ALOGE("Can't find android/util/Log");
return -1;
}
levels.verbose = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "VERBOSE", "I"));
levels.debug = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "DEBUG", "I"));
levels.info = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "INFO", "I"));
levels.warn = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "WARN", "I"));
levels.error = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "ERROR", "I"));
levels.assert = env->GetStaticIntField(clazz, env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, "ASSERT", "I"));
return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(env, "android/util/Log", gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
}
}; // namespace android
其中
{ "println_native", "(IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I", (void*) android_util_Log_println_native },
};android_util_Log_println_native内容是：
static jint android_util_Log_println_native(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
jint bufID, jint priority, jstring tagObj, jstring msgObj)
{
const char* tag = NULL;
const char* msg = NULL;
if (msgObj == NULL) {
jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "println needs a message");
return -1;
}
if (bufID < 0 || bufID >= LOG_ID_MAX) {
jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "bad bufID");
return -1;
}
if (tagObj != NULL)
tag = env->GetStringUTFChars(tagObj, NULL);
msg = env->GetStringUTFChars(msgObj, NULL);
int res = __android_log_buf_write(bufID, (android_LogPriority)priority, tag, msg);
if (tag != NULL)
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(tagObj, tag);
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(msgObj, msg);
return res;
}
是个本地static函数。在内存中只存在一份，首先判断传递msg是否为空，然后判断bufid是否超过大于等于5，通过
env->GetStringUTFChars获得上层传递过来的tag，
msg = env->GetStringUTFChars(msgObj, NULL);获得上层传递的msg。
__android_log_buf_write(bufID, (android_LogPriority)priority, tag, msg);
int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char *tag, const char *msg)
{
struct iovec vec[3];
char tmp_tag[32];
printf("------\n");
if (!tag)
tag = "";
/* XXX: This needs to go! */
if ((bufID != LOG_ID_RADIO) &&
(!strcmp(tag, "HTC_RIL") ||
!strncmp(tag, "RIL", 3) || /* Any log tag with "RIL" as the prefix */
!strncmp(tag, "IMS", 3) || /* Any log tag with "IMS" as the prefix */
!strcmp(tag, "AT") ||
!strcmp(tag, "GSM") ||
!strcmp(tag, "STK") ||
!strcmp(tag, "CDMA") ||
!strcmp(tag, "PHONE") ||
!strcmp(tag, "SMS"))) {
bufID = LOG_ID_RADIO;
// Inform third party apps/ril/radio.. to use Rlog or RLOG
snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof(tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s", tag);
tag = tmp_tag;
}
vec[0].iov_base = (unsigned char *) &prio;
vec[0].iov_len = 1;
vec[1].iov_base = (void *) tag;
vec[1].iov_len = strlen(tag) + 1;
vec[2].iov_base = (void *) msg;
vec[2].iov_len = strlen(msg) + 1;
return write_to_log(bufID, vec, 3);
}
在这里用结构体数组iovec存贮我们log的tag，msg和prio信息，
struct iovec {
const void* iov_base;
size_t iov_len;
};
write_to_log(bufID, vec, 3);}__write_to_log_init
int (*write_to_log)(log_id_t, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr) __attribute__((visibility ("hidden"))) = __write_to_log_init;static int __write_to_log_init(log_id_t log_id, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr)
{
#ifdef HAVE_PTHREADS
pthread_mutex_lock(&log_init_lock);
#endif
if (write_to_log == __write_to_log_init) {
log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_MAIN, O_WRONLY);
log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_RADIO, O_WRONLY);
log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_EVENTS, O_WRONLY);
log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_SYSTEM, O_WRONLY);
write_to_log = __write_to_log_kernel;
if (log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] < 0 || log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] < 0 ||
log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] < 0) {
log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN]);
log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO]);
log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS]);
log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] = -1;
log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] = -1;
log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] = -1;
write_to_log = __write_to_log_null;
}
if (log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] < 0) {
log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] = log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN];
}
}
#ifdef HAVE_PTHREADS
pthread_mutex_unlock(&log_init_lock);
#endif
return write_to_log(log_id, vec, nr);
}
在这个函数中首先使用线程锁函数
pthread_mutex_lock(&log_init_lock);
开始我们已经定义赋值了write_to_log == __write_to_log_init，所以下面的语句一定执行，
static int log_fds[(int)LOG_ID_MAX] = { -1, -1, -1, -1 };是一个static int数组，
log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_MAIN, O_WRONLY);
log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_RADIO, O_WRONLY);
log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_EVENTS, O_WRONLY);
log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] = log_open("/dev/"LOGGER_LOG_SYSTEM, O_WRONLY);每个 log_fds数组元素保存的是log_open打开的文件句柄,通过查找发现log_open函数定义在
#if FAKE_LOG_DEVICE
// This will be defined when building for the host.
#define log_open(pathname, flags) fakeLogOpen(pathname, flags)
#define log_writev(filedes, vector, count) fakeLogWritev(filedes, vector, count)
#define log_close(filedes) fakeLogClose(filedes)
#else
#define log_open(pathname, flags) open(pathname, (flags) | O_CLOEXEC)
#define log_writev(filedes, vector, count) writev(filedes, vector, count)
#define log_close(filedes) close(filedes)
#endif到底使用的是上面的函数还是下面的函数，只有FAKE_LOG_DEVICE有没有定义才知道，
打开文件system/core/liblog/Android.mk文件，发现FAKE_LOG_DEVICE在这里有定义，
# Shared and static library for host
# ========================================================
LOCAL_MODULE := liblog
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(liblog_host_sources)
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -lpthread
LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DFAKE_LOG_DEVICE=1
LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libxlog
include $(BUILD_HOST_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := liblog
LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := liblog
include $(BUILD_HOST_SHARED_LIBRARY)在这里的意思是，若adb为host端则定义FAKE_LOG_DEVICE为1，编译的时候就选择上面的函数编译，
因为在android产品中大部分是作为客户端（target）使用
# Shared and static library for target
# ========================================================
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := liblog
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(liblog_sources)
LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libxlog
include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := liblog
LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := liblog
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)因为没有FAKE_LOG_DEVICE定义就是用下面函数
log_open(pathname, flags) open(pathname, (flags) | O_CLOEXEC)
就是普通的linux系统的普通文件操作函数 open(pathname, (flags) | O_CLOEXEC)
因为linux把设备当做文件看待，所以使用文件函数open打开，通过adb shell ls /dev/log/
我们知道在Logger驱动程序模块中，有四个设备文件节点。分别对应的是dev/log/main,dev/log/radio,dev/log/system和
dev/log/event，这也是我们log_open 打开的四个文件，打开方式可读可写。
顺便把下面两个也列出来
log_writev(filedes, vector, count) writev(filedes, vector, count)
log_close(filedes) close(filedes)
执行完文件打开操作后，又将write_to_log 指针赋值= __write_to_log_kernel，这个函数才是真正的往log驱动模块里面写日志，
static int __write_to_log_kernel(log_id_t log_id, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr)
{
ssize_t ret;
int log_fd;
if (/*(int)log_id >= 0 &&*/ (int)log_id < (int)LOG_ID_MAX) {
log_fd = log_fds[(int)log_id];
} else {
return EBADF;
}
do {
ret = log_writev(log_fd, vec, nr);
} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
return ret;
}
显示判断log_id值是否大于等于0小于4
typedef enum {
LOG_ID_MAIN = 0,
LOG_ID_RADIO = 1,
LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2,
LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3,
LOG_ID_MAX
} log_id_t;
上面分析给出了
log_writev(filedes, vector, count) writev(filedes, vector, count)
所以使用函数是writev(filedes, vector, count)
int writev( int fd, const struct iovec* vecs, int count )
{
int total = 0;
for ( ; count > 0; count--, vecs++ ) {
const char* buf = (const char*)vecs->iov_base;
int len = (int)vecs->iov_len;
while (len > 0) {
int ret = write( fd, buf, len );
if (ret < 0) {
if (total == 0)
total = -1;
goto Exit;
}
if (ret == 0)
goto Exit;
total += ret;
buf += ret;
len -= ret;
}
}
Exit:
return total;
}这里就是简单的文件操作函数write，这里就不分析了。
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