链表的c语言实现以及根据linux内核中链表的实现过程

 

链表,就是用一组任意的存储单元存储线性表元素的一种数据结构。链表又分为单链表、双向链表和循环链表等。

下面代码是链表的两种实现方式,其中方式一就是按照数据结构书中对链表的实现过程,而方式二是根据linux内核中关于链表的实现。两者的最大区别是方式一中数据是存储在链表结构中的,而方式二中,是在数据结构中包含链表结构的。个人更倾向于第二种实现方法。

链表在内核中的使用例子,在驱动层我们可以建立一个链表实现数据的收发:比如当出现硬件中断时,我们将接收到的数据存储在链表中,并唤醒一个等待队列;而应用层通过阻塞的方式调用ioctl,当链表为空时,则进行睡眠操作,当出现一个唤醒操作时则读取链表中存在的消息,并返回给应用层,让应用层再进行相应的处理。这是链表在驱动层中的一个应用例子。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdint.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<semaphore.h>
#include<unistd.h>
typedef int pri_spin_t;
pri_spin_t spin_flag = 1;
#define MAX_READ_ENTRY 10
typedef struct _listp
{
	struct _listp *next;
	struct _listp *prev;
	int data;
}LISTP;

void pri_spin_lock(pri_spin_t *flag)
{
	while(1)
	{
		if(*flag)
		{
			*flag = 0;
			return;
		}
	}
	
}

void pri_spin_unlock(pri_spin_t *flag)
{
	*flag = 1;
}



void init_list_head(LISTP *listp)
{
	listp->next = listp;
	listp->prev = listp;
}

void list_add(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
{

	list_head->next->prev = listp;
	listp->next = list_head->next;
	listp->prev = list_head;
	list_head->next = listp;
}
void list_add_tail(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
{
	list_head->prev->next = listp;
	listp->prev = list_head->prev;
	listp->next=list_head;
	list_head->prev = listp;

}

int list_is_empty(LISTP *list_head)
{
	return (list_head->next == list_head);
}

void list_del(LISTP *listp)
{
	LISTP *prev;
	LISTP *next;
	prev = listp->prev;
	next = listp->next;
	prev->next = next;
	next->prev = prev;
	
	listp->next = listp;
	listp->prev = listp;
}
void free_list(LISTP *list_head)
{
	LISTP *pos = NULL;
	pos = list_head->next;
	while(pos != list_head)
	{
		list_del(pos);
	        free(pos);
		pos = list_head->next;	
		printf("free\n");
	}
	
	if((list_head->next == list_head->prev)&&(list_head->next == list_head))
	{
		printf("list empty\n");
	}
	list_head->next = NULL;
	list_head->prev = NULL;

	free(list_head);
}
int add_data(int data, LISTP *list_head)
{
	LISTP *listp = NULL;

	listp = (LISTP *)malloc(sizeof(LISTP));
	if(listp == NULL)
	{
		printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
		return -1;
	}

	listp->data = data;
	list_add(list_head, listp);
	
}
int add_data_tail(int data, LISTP *list_head)
{
	LISTP *listp = NULL;

	listp = (LISTP *)malloc(sizeof(LISTP));
	if(listp == NULL)
	{
		printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
		return -1;
	}

	listp->data = data;
	list_add_tail(list_head, listp);
	
}
void print_data(LISTP *list_head)
{	
	int data;
	LISTP *pos;

	if(list_is_empty(list_head))
	{
		printf("list head is empty\n");
		return;
	}
	for(pos = list_head->next; pos != list_head;pos = pos->next)
	{
		if(pos)
		{
			if(pos->next == list_head)
				printf("%d\n", pos->data);
			else
				printf("%d\t", pos->data);
		}
	}	
}
void read_data(LISTP *list_head, int num)
{
	int data;
	LISTP *entry;

	if(list_is_empty(list_head))
	{
		printf("list head is empty\n");
		return;
	}
	
	if(num > MAX_READ_ENTRY)
	{
		num = MAX_READ_ENTRY;
	}
	printf("READ MESSAGE IS:\n");
	for(entry = list_head->next; (entry != list_head)&&(num > 0); entry = list_head->next)
	{
		printf("%d\t", entry->data);
		list_del(entry);
		entry->next = NULL;
		entry->prev = NULL;
		free(entry);
		num--;
	
	printf("\n");	
}

void *send_message_pth1(void *arg)
{
	int i = 0;
	while(1)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);	
		add_data_tail(i, (LISTP *)arg);
		printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 1-----\n");
		pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
		i++;
		sleep(2);	
	}
}
void *send_message_pth2(void *arg)
{
	int i = 0;
	while(1)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);	
		add_data_tail(i, (LISTP *)arg);
                printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 2-----\n");
                pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
		i++;
		sleep(2);	
	}
}
void *print_message_pth(void *arg)
{
	while(1)
	{

                pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
                printf("-----IN PRINT_MESSAGE_PTHREAD-----\n");
		print_data((LISTP *)arg);
		pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
		sleep(2);
	}
}	

void *read_message_pth(void *arg)
{
	int num = 5;
	
	while(1)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
		printf("-----IN READ_MESSAGE_PTH-----\n");
		read_data((LISTP *)arg, num);
		pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
		sleep(6);
	}
	
}
int main()
{
	int i = 0;
	LISTP *list_head = NULL;
	pthread_t pth1;
	pthread_t pth2;
	pthread_t pth3;
	pthread_t pth4;
	list_head = (LISTP *)malloc(sizeof(LISTP));
	if(list_head == NULL)
	{
		printf("Can not get memory\n");
		return -1;
	}
	init_list_head(list_head);

	/*store data into list_head*/
	for(i = 0; i < 10; i ++)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
		add_data_tail(i, list_head);
		pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
	}


	if(pthread_create(&pth1, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth1, list_head))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if(pthread_create(&pth2, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth2, list_head))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if(pthread_create(&pth3, NULL, (void *)print_message_pth, list_head))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if(pthread_create(&pth4, NULL, (void *)read_message_pth, list_head))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	while(1);
	return 0;
}


 

 

方式二:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdint.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<semaphore.h>
#include<unistd.h>
typedef int pri_spin_t;
#define MAX_READ_ENTRY 10
#define GET_ADDR_BY_OFFSET(ptr, type, member) ((type *)((char *)ptr - (uint32_t)(&(((type *)0)->member))))

typedef struct _listp
{
	struct _listp *next;
	struct _listp *prev;
}LISTP;

typedef struct _list_msg
{
	int data;
	LISTP list;
}LIST_MSG;

typedef struct _module_struct
{
	LISTP list_head;
	pri_spin_t spin_flag;
}MODULE_STRUCT;

void pri_spin_lock(pri_spin_t *flag)
{
	while(1)
	{
		if(*flag)
		{
			*flag = 0;
			return;
		}
	}
	
}

void pri_spin_unlock(pri_spin_t *flag)
{
	*flag = 1;
}



void init_list_head(LISTP *listp)
{
	listp->next = listp;
	listp->prev = listp;
}

void list_add(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
{

	list_head->next->prev = listp;
	listp->next = list_head->next;
	listp->prev = list_head;
	list_head->next = listp;
}
void list_add_tail(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
{
	list_head->prev->next = listp;
	listp->prev = list_head->prev;
	listp->next=list_head;
	list_head->prev = listp;

}

int list_is_empty(LISTP *list_head)
{
	return (list_head->next == list_head);
}

void list_del(LISTP *listp)
{
	LISTP *prev;
	LISTP *next;
	prev = listp->prev;
	next = listp->next;
	prev->next = next;
	next->prev = prev;
	
	listp->next = listp;
	listp->prev = listp;
}
void free_list(LISTP *list_head)
{
	LISTP *pos = NULL;
	pos = list_head->next;
	while(pos != list_head)
	{
		list_del(pos);
	        free(pos);
		pos = list_head->next;	
		printf("free\n");
	}
	
	if((list_head->next == list_head->prev)&&(list_head->next == list_head))
	{
		printf("list empty\n");
	}
	list_head->next = NULL;
	list_head->prev = NULL;

	free(list_head);
}
int add_data(int data, LISTP *list_head)
{
	LIST_MSG *list_message = NULL;

	list_message = (LIST_MSG *)malloc(sizeof(LIST_MSG));
	if(list_message == NULL)
	{
		printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
		return -1;
	}

	init_list_head(&(list_message->list));
	list_message->data = data;
	list_add(list_head, &(list_message->list));
	return 0;	
}
int add_data_tail(int data, LISTP *list_head)
{
	LIST_MSG *list_message = NULL;

	list_message = (LIST_MSG *)malloc(sizeof(LIST_MSG));
	if(list_message == NULL)
	{
		printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
		return -1;
	}
	init_list_head(&(list_message->list));
	
	list_message->data = data;
	list_add_tail(list_head, &(list_message->list));
	return 0;
}
void print_data(LISTP *list_head)
{	
	int data;
	LISTP *pos;
	LIST_MSG *message;

	if(list_is_empty(list_head))
	{
		printf("list head is empty\n");
		return;
	}


	for(pos = list_head->next; pos != list_head;pos = pos->next)
	{
		if(pos)
		{
			message = GET_ADDR_BY_OFFSET(pos, LIST_MSG, list);
			if(message)
			{
				printf("%d\t", message->data);
			}
		}
	}	
	printf("\n");
	
}
void read_data(LISTP *list_head, int num)
{
	int data;
	LISTP *entry;
	LIST_MSG *message;

	if(list_is_empty(list_head))
	{
		printf("list head is empty\n");
		return;
	}

	
	if(num > MAX_READ_ENTRY)
	{
		num = MAX_READ_ENTRY;
	}

	printf("READ MESSAGE IS:\n");

	for(entry = list_head->next; (entry != list_head)&&(num > 0); entry = list_head->next)
	{

		message = GET_ADDR_BY_OFFSET(entry, LIST_MSG, list);
		if(message)
		{
			printf("%d\t", message->data);
			list_del(&(message->list));
			free(message);
			num--;
		}
	}
	printf("\n");	
}

void *send_message_pth1(void *arg)
{
	int i = 0;
        MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
	main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;	
	while(1)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
		add_data_tail(i, &(main_data->list_head));
		printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 1-----\n");
		pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
		i++;
		sleep(2);	
	}
}
void *send_message_pth2(void *arg)
{
	int i = 0;
        MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
	main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;	
	while(1)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));	
		add_data_tail(i, &(main_data->list_head));
                printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 2-----\n");
                pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
		i++;
		sleep(2);	
	}
}
void *print_message_pth(void *arg)
{
        MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
	main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;	
	while(1)
	{

                pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
                printf("-----IN PRINT_MESSAGE_PTHREAD-----\n");
		print_data(&(main_data->list_head));
		pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
		sleep(2);
	}
}	

void *read_message_pth(void *arg)
{
	int num = 5;
        MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
	main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;	
	
	while(1)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
		printf("-----IN READ_MESSAGE_PTH-----\n");
		read_data(&(main_data->list_head), num);
		pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
		sleep(3);
	}
	
}
int main()
{
	int i = 0;
	MODULE_STRUCT main_data;
	pthread_t pth1;
	pthread_t pth2;
	pthread_t pth3;
	pthread_t pth4;
	
	main_data.spin_flag = 1;
	init_list_head(&(main_data.list_head));
	for(i = 0; i < 10; i ++)
	{
		pri_spin_lock(&(main_data.spin_flag));
		add_data_tail(i, &(main_data.list_head));
		pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data.spin_flag));
	}

	if(pthread_create(&pth1, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth1, (void *)&main_data))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if(pthread_create(&pth2, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth2, (void *)&main_data))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if(pthread_create(&pth3, NULL, (void *)print_message_pth, (void *)&main_data))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if(pthread_create(&pth4, NULL, (void *)read_message_pth, (void *)&main_data))
	{
		printf("create pthread failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	while(1);
	return 0;
}


 

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