1. 两种方法遍历一个字典中的 键 和 值
>>> hipython
{'three': 3, 'two': 2, 'one': 1}
>>> hipython.keys()
['three', 'two', 'one']
>>> for key in hipython :
... print(key)
...
three
two
one
>>> hipython.values()
[3, 2, 1]
>>> for key in hipython:
... print(hipython[key])
...
3
2
1
2. 编写 Python 代码的时候一定要注意缩进,要不然程序就会出错,看例子,输出 1~50 内的素数(勿喷,虽然简单,但是足够经典)
>>> for i in range(1,50+1):
... for t in range(2,int(math.sqrt(i))+1):
... if i % t == 0:
... break
... else:
... print(i)
...
Traceback ( File "<interactive input>", line 1
for i in range(1,50+1):
^
IndentationError: unexpected indent
>>> for i in range(1,50+1):
... for t in range(2,int(math.sqrt(i))+1):
... if i % t == 0:
... break
... else:
... print(i)
...
Traceback ( File "<interactive input>", line 2
for t in range(2,int(math.sqrt(i))+1):
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block
>>> for i in range(1,50+1):
... for t in range(2,int(math.sqrt(i))+1):
... if i % t == 0:
... break
... else:
... print(i)
...
1
2
3
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
29
31
37
41
43
47
3. Python 中调用函数时,传递参数方法小结
3.1 有默认值的参数
此时传递参数是按照顺序依次传递的,如果仅仅向最后一个参数传递特定的值,要按照最后一种方法处理,如例子
>>> def args(x = 5):
return x ** 2
>>> args(2)
4
>>> args()
25
>>>
>>> def args(x = 1,y = 2,z = 3):
return (x + y - z) ** 2
>>> args (0)
1
>>> args(2,2)
1
>>> args ( , , 3)
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> def args(x = None, y = None, z = None):
if x == None:
x = 1
if y == None:
y = 2
if z == None:
z = 3
return (x + y -z)**2
>>> args()
0
>>> args(None,None,2)
1
3.2 向指定的参数传递值——按照参数名进行传值,这样在调用函数的时候,就可以不按照参数的顺序进行给参数赋值了,而且使用这种方法不必在函数声明时讲参数的默认值置为None。看下例: