不能企图通过改变指针形参的值而使指针实参的值改变

对于指针，同样不能企图通过改变指针形参的值而使指针实参的值改变。因为他们采用的都是单向的“值传递”方式，实参可以把数据传给形参，形参却不可以把数据传回给实参。

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 void swap(int *p1, int *p2);
 int a, b;
 int *pointer_1, *pointer_2;
 cout<<"Please enter two integer numbers:"<<endl;
 cin>>a>>b;

 cout<<"&a="<<&a<<endl;
 cout<<"&b="<<&b<<endl;
 cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
 cout<<"b="<<b<<endl;

 cout<<"调用函数之前"<<endl;

 pointer_1=&a;
 pointer_2=&b;

 cout<<"&pointer_1="<<&pointer_1<<endl;
 cout<<"&pointer_2="<<&pointer_2<<endl;
 cout<<"pointer_1="<<pointer_1<<endl;
 cout<<"pointer_2="<<pointer_2<<endl;

 if(a<b) swap(pointer_1, pointer_2);
  cout<<endl<<"调用函数之后"<<endl;
 cout<<"max="<<a<<"min="<<b<<endl;

 cout<<"&a="<<&a<<endl;
 cout<<"&b="<<&b<<endl;
 cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
 cout<<"b="<<b<<endl;

 cout<<"&pointer_1="<<&pointer_1<<endl;
 cout<<"&pointer_2="<<&pointer_2<<endl;
 cout<<"pointer_1="<<pointer_1<<endl;
 cout<<"pointer_2="<<pointer_2<<endl;

 system("pause");
 return 0; 
}

void swap(int *p1, int *p2)
{
  int *p;
  cout<<endl;
  cout<<"p1="<<p1<<endl;
  cout<<"p2="<<p2<<endl;
  cout<<"&p1="<<&p1<<endl;
  cout<<"&p2="<<&p2<<endl;
  cout<<endl;
  p=p1;
  p1=p2;
  p2=p;
 
  cout<<"p1="<<p1<<endl;
  cout<<"p2="<<p2<<endl;
  cout<<"&p1="<<&p1<<endl;
  cout<<"&p2="<<&p2<<endl;
}

 

运行结果：

Please enter two integer numbers:
15 24
&a=0012FF60
&b=0012FF54
a=15
b=24
调用函数之前
&pointer_1=0012FF48
&pointer_2=0012FF3C
pointer_1=0012FF60
pointer_2=0012FF54

p1=0012FF60
p2=0012FF54
&p1=0012FE64
&p2=0012FE68

p1=0012FF54
p2=0012FF60
&p1=0012FE64
&p2=0012FE68

调用函数之后
max=15 min=24
&a=0012FF60
&b=0012FF54
a=15
b=24
&pointer_1=0012FF48
&pointer_2=0012FF3C
pointer_1=0012FF60
pointer_2=0012FF54
Press any key to continue . . .

从运行结果来看，在函数swap调用前后，a, b, &a, &b, pointer_1, pointer_2, &pointer_1, &pointer_2的值都保持不变。所以最后输出的max值是15，min值是24。

在函数swap中，指针变量p1和p2交换后，p1和p2的值改变，p1和p2的地址不变。p1的地址与pointer_1的地址不一样，p2的地址与pointer_2的地址不一样。