对于指针,同样不能企图通过改变指针形参的值而使指针实参的值改变。因为他们采用的都是单向的“值传递”方式,实参可以把数据传给形参,形参却不可以把数据传回给实参。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
void swap(int *p1, int *p2);
int a, b;
int *pointer_1, *pointer_2;
cout<<"Please enter two integer numbers:"<<endl;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"&a="<<&a<<endl;
cout<<"&b="<<&b<<endl;
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
cout<<"b="<<b<<endl;
cout<<"调用函数之前"<<endl;
pointer_1=&a;
pointer_2=&b;
cout<<"&pointer_1="<<&pointer_1<<endl;
cout<<"&pointer_2="<<&pointer_2<<endl;
cout<<"pointer_1="<<pointer_1<<endl;
cout<<"pointer_2="<<pointer_2<<endl;
if(a<b) swap(pointer_1, pointer_2);
cout<<endl<<"调用函数之后"<<endl;
cout<<"max="<<a<<"min="<<b<<endl;
cout<<"&a="<<&a<<endl;
cout<<"&b="<<&b<<endl;
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
cout<<"b="<<b<<endl;
cout<<"&pointer_1="<<&pointer_1<<endl;
cout<<"&pointer_2="<<&pointer_2<<endl;
cout<<"pointer_1="<<pointer_1<<endl;
cout<<"pointer_2="<<pointer_2<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void swap(int *p1, int *p2)
{
int *p;
cout<<endl;
cout<<"p1="<<p1<<endl;
cout<<"p2="<<p2<<endl;
cout<<"&p1="<<&p1<<endl;
cout<<"&p2="<<&p2<<endl;
cout<<endl;
p=p1;
p1=p2;
p2=p;
cout<<"p1="<<p1<<endl;
cout<<"p2="<<p2<<endl;
cout<<"&p1="<<&p1<<endl;
cout<<"&p2="<<&p2<<endl;
}
运行结果:
Please enter two integer numbers:
15 24
&a=0012FF60
&b=0012FF54
a=15
b=24
调用函数之前
&pointer_1=0012FF48
&pointer_2=0012FF3C
pointer_1=0012FF60
pointer_2=0012FF54
p1=0012FF60
p2=0012FF54
&p1=0012FE64
&p2=0012FE68
p1=0012FF54
p2=0012FF60
&p1=0012FE64
&p2=0012FE68
调用函数之后
max=15 min=24
&a=0012FF60
&b=0012FF54
a=15
b=24
&pointer_1=0012FF48
&pointer_2=0012FF3C
pointer_1=0012FF60
pointer_2=0012FF54
Press any key to continue . . .
从运行结果来看,在函数swap调用前后,a, b, &a, &b, pointer_1, pointer_2, &pointer_1, &pointer_2的值都保持不变。所以最后输出的max值是15,min值是24。
在函数swap中,指针变量p1和p2交换后,p1和p2的值改变,p1和p2的地址不变。p1的地址与pointer_1的地址不一样,p2的地址与pointer_2的地址不一样。