Swift4 - KVC与KVO

KVC和KVO是我们开发中常用的功能，现在来看一下在Swift4中的变化

KVC

在Swift4的时候，Struct也支持KVC,我们不在使用setValue: forKeypath的方式，而是使用新的语法特性，下面看一下例子，参考这里：

struct Person {
    var name: String
}

struct Book {
    var title: String
    var authors: [Person]
    var primaryAuthor: Person {
        return authors.first!
    }
}

let abelson = Person(name: "Haeold Abelson")
let sussman = Person(name: "Garald Jay Sussman")
var book = Book(title: "tructure and Interpretation of Computer Programs", authors: [abelson, sussman])

//get
//1 keyPath以\开始，然后开始组合结构体和属性
let title = book[keyPath: \Book.title]
print(title) //tructure and Interpretation of Computer Programs

//2 keypath可以进入多层深入搜索查找，也可以对计算属性进行操作
let name = book[keyPath: \Book.primaryAuthor.name]
print(name) //Haeold Abelson

//set
book[keyPath: \Book.title] = "KVC"
print(book[keyPath: \Book.title]) // KVC

对象的路径操作

//先获取一个路径
let authorKeyPath = \Book.primaryAuthor
//拼接子路径
let nameKeyPath = authorKeyPath.appending(path: \.name)
let newName = book[keyPath: nameKeyPath]
print(newName) //Haeold Abelson

KVO

@objcMembers class Food: NSObject {
    dynamic var string: String
    override init() {
        string = "hotdog"
        super.init()
    }
}

let food = Food()
let observation = food.observe(\.string) { (foo, changed) in
     print("new food string: \(foo.string)")
}
food.string = "not hotdog" // new food string: not hotdog

上面代码很简单，创建了一个Food类，拥有一个string属性，但是需要注意几件事情：

1）用KVO依然需要是NSObject类或子类，Swift4中swift类不再自动被推测为继承于NSObject，所以当我们在编写swift的代码时，需要为类添