《大话设计模式》--想走？可以！先买票--迭代器模式<Iterator>(20)

I:提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中各个元素，而不暴露该对象的内部表示。

当你需要访问一个聚集对象，而且不管这些对象是什么都需要遍历的时候，你就应该考虑用迭代器模式。你需要对聚集有多种方式遍历时，可以考虑用迭代器模式。为遍历不同的聚集结构提供如开始、下一个、是否结束、当前哪一项等统一的接口。

abstract class Iterator
    {
        public abstract object First();
        public abstract object Next();
        public abstract bool IsDone();
        public abstract object CurrentItem();
    }

 

abstract class Aggregate
    {
        public abstract Iterator CreateIterator();
    }

 

class ConcreteIterator:Iterator
    {
        private ConcreteAggregate aggregate;
        private int current = 0;

        public ConcreteIterator(ConcreteAggregate aggregate)
        {
            this.aggregate = aggregate;
        }

        public override object First()
        {
            return aggregate[0];
        }

        public override object Next()
        {
            object obj = null;
            current++;
            if (current < aggregate.Count)
            {
                obj = aggregate[current];
            }
            return obj;
        }

        public override bool IsDone()
        {
            return current >= aggregate.Count ? true : false;
        }

        public override object CurrentItem()
        {
            return aggregate[current];
        }
    }

 

class ConcreteAggregate:Aggregate
    {
        private IList<object> items = new List<object>();

        public override Iterator CreateIterator()
        {
            return new ConcreteIterator(this);
        }

        public int Count
        {
            get { return items.Count; }
        }

        public object this[int index]
        {
            get { return items[index]; }
            set { items.Insert(index, value); }
        }
    }

 

            ConcreteAggregate aggregate = new ConcreteAggregate();           
            aggregate[0] = "大鸟";
            aggregate[1] = "小菜";
            aggregate[2] = "行李";
            aggregate[3] = "老外";
            aggregate[4] = "公交内部员工";
            aggregate[5] = "小偷";

            //Iterator i = new ConcreteIterator(aggregate);
            Iterator i = new ConcreteIteratorDesc(aggregate);
            object item = i.First();
            while (!i.IsDone())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} 请买票", i.CurrentItem()));
                i.Next();
            }

 

以上代码是从前到后的迭代，如果我们需要从后往前迭代，则可添加如下类：

class ConcreteIteratorDesc:Iterator
    {
        private ConcreteAggregate aggregate;
        private int current = 0;

        public ConcreteIteratorDesc(ConcreteAggregate aggregate)
        {
            this.aggregate = aggregate;
            current = aggregate.Count - 1;
        }

        public override object First()
        {
            return aggregate[aggregate.Count - 1];
        }

        public override object Next()
        {
            object obj = null;
            current--;
            if (current >= 0)
            {
                obj = aggregate[current];
            }
            return obj;
        }

        public override object CurrentItem()
        {
            return aggregate[current];
        }

        public override bool IsDone()
        {
            return current < 0 ? true : false;
        }
    }

 

.NET迭代器实现：

            IList<string> iterator = new List<string>();
            iterator.Add("大鸟");
            iterator.Add("小菜");
            iterator.Add("行李");
            iterator.Add("老外");
            iterator.Add("公交内部员工");
            iterator.Add("小偷");

            foreach (string item in iterator)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} 请买票", item));
            }

迭代器模式就是分离了集合对象的遍历行为，抽象出一个迭代器类来负责，这样既可以做到不暴露集合的内部结构，又可让外部代码透明地访问集合内部的数据。