MySQL事物自动提交
mysql> show variables like '%auto%' ;
+-----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------+-------+
| auto_increment_increment | 1 |
| auto_increment_offset | 1 |
| autocommit | ON |
| automatic_sp_privileges | ON |
| innodb_autoextend_increment | 8 |
| innodb_autoinc_lock_mode | 1 |
| sql_auto_is_null | OFF |
+-----------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%auto%';
+-----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------+-------+
| auto_increment_increment | 1 |
| auto_increment_offset | 1 |
| autocommit | ON |
| automatic_sp_privileges | ON |
| innodb_autoextend_increment | 8 |
| innodb_autoinc_lock_mode | 1 |
| sql_auto_is_null | OFF |
+-----------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%auto%';
+-----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------+-------+
| auto_increment_increment | 1 |
| auto_increment_offset | 1 |
| autocommit | OFF |
| automatic_sp_privileges | ON |
| innodb_autoextend_increment | 8 |
| innodb_autoinc_lock_mode | 1 |
| sql_auto_is_null | OFF |
+-----------------------------+-------+
rollback; 回滚事物
commit; 提交事物
MySQL常用存储引擎:MyISAM 和 InnoDB(特性ACID)
mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | YES | Federated MySQL storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MyISAM引擎调优
1、设置合适的索引。
2、调整读写优先级,根据实际需求确保重要操作优先执行。
3、启用延迟插入改善大批量写入性能。
4、尽量顺序操作让insert数据都能写入尾部,减少阻塞。
5、分解大的时间长的操作,降低单个操作的阻塞时间。
6、降低并发数。
7、对于更改不频繁的数据,利用Query Cache缓存服务缓存数据。
InnoDB引擎调优
1、主键尽可能小。
2、避免全表扫描。
3、尽可能缓存索引和数据,减小IO。
4、尽可能自己控制事物而不使用自动提交。
5、合理设置 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 参数。0:性能最好 | 1:安全最高 | 2:类似Oracle
6、避免主键更新,因为这样会带来大量数据移动。
--分表,一个表一个数据文件。
mysql> show variables like '%innodb_file_per_table%';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
批量修改MySQL引擎
1、ALTER TABLE t1 ENGINE = InnoDB
ALTER TABLE t1 ENGINE = MyISAM
2、nohup sed -e 's/MyISAM/InnoDB/g' backup.sql > backup_new.sql &
3、/application/mysql/bin/mysql_convert_table_format