1.ALL权限内容获取
mysql> show grants for 'test1'@'10.0.0.%';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test1'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*43FA3AFC0D22C2D3BB08ADEE0DCE2974611F603A' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `db_utf8`.* TO 'test1'@'10.0.0.%' |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> revoke delete on `db_utf8`.* from 'test1'@'10.0.0.%' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for 'test1'@'10.0.0.%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test1'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*43FA3AFC0D22C2D3BB08ADEE0DCE2974611F603A' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `db_utf8`.* TO 'test1'@'10.0.0.%' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@mysql 3306]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -u root -ptest -e "show grants for 'test1'@'10.0.0.%';"|grep -i grant|tail -1|tr ',' '\n' >/tmp/allprivilege
[root@mysql 3306]# cat /tmp/allprivilege
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
CREATE
DROP
REFERENCES
INDEX
ALTER
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES
LOCK TABLES
EXECUTE
CREATE VIEW
SHOW VIEW
CREATE ROUTINE
ALTER ROUTINE
EVENT
TRIGGER
--用户权限查看
mysql> select * from mysql.user\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: root
Password: *43FA3AFC0D22C2D3BB08ADEE0DCE2974611F603A
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Reload_priv: Y
Shutdown_priv: Y
Process_priv: Y
File_priv: Y
Grant_priv: Y
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Show_db_priv: Y
Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Repl_slave_priv: Y
Repl_client_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Create_user_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin:
authentication_string: 2.表操作
--创建表
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| db |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table student( id int(4) not null, name char(20) not null, age tinyint(2) not null default 0, dept char(20) default null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show create table student\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table student_key( id int(4) not null, name char(20) not null, age tinyint(2) not null default 0, dept char(20) default null,primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> desc student_key;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table student_i( id int(4) not null, name char(20) not null, age tinyint(2) not null default 0, dept char(20) default null,primary key(id),key ind_name(name));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.94 sec)
mysql> desc student_i;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--修改表
mysql> alter table student add key ind_name(name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table student drop key ind_name;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)3.索引操作
mysql> create index ind_name on student(name(8));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--联合索引（联合索引前缀生效特性）
mysql> create index ind_name_dept on student(name(8),dept);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show indexes from student\G;
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Table: student
Non_unique: 1
Key_name: ind_name_dept
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: name
Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
Sub_part: YES
Packed: NULL
Null:
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Table: student
Non_unique: 1
Key_name: ind_name_dept
Seq_in_index: 2
Column_name: dept
Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null: YES
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
--唯一索引
mysql> create unique index ind_id on student(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show indexes from student\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student
Non_unique: 0
Key_name: ind_id
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: id
Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null:
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
4.列操作
mysql> alter table student_i add sex char(4) not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table student_i\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student_i
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student_i` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` char(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ind_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc student_i;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(4) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
**********before 没有这个命令
mysql> alter table student_i add address varchar(20) before sex;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'before sex' at line 1
mysql> alter table student_i add address varchar(20) after dept;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student_i ;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | 0 | |
| dept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(4) | NO | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--comment要跟在列后面
mysql> alter table student_i add tel varchar(20) after address comment 'phone';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'comment 'phone'' at line 1
mysql> alter table student_i add qq varchar(20) COMMENT 'QQ' after address;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.40 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table student_i\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student_i
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student_i` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`address` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`qq` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'QQ',
`sex` char(4) NOT NULL,
`tel` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'xx',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ind_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--修改表明
mysql> rename table student_i to student_ind ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_db |
+--------------+
| student |
| student_ind |
| student_key |
+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)5.Insert操作
mysql> insert into student (id,name,age) values(1,'zhangsan',20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--插入失败，主键约束
mysql> insert into student (id,name,age) values(1,'zhangsan',20),(2,'lisi',21);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'ind_id'
mysql> insert into student (id,name,age) values(3,'zhangss',20),(2,'lisi',21),(4,'wangwu',30),(5,'张三',21);
Query OK, 4 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
| 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL |
| 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL |
| 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL |
| 5 | ?? | 21 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye6.limit语法
mysql> select * from student limit 2;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
| 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student limit 4;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
| 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL |
| 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL |
| 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student limit 0,2;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
| 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student limit 2,1;
+----+---------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+---------+-----+------+
| 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL |
+----+---------+-----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student limit 0,1;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7.优化及执行计划
1.insert 批量插入
2.查询不用*，查询列出列
mysql> explain select * from student where name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+---------+------+------------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------+------------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | student | ref | ind_name,ind_name_dept | ind_name | 8 | const | 1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+---------+------+------------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select * from student where name='zhangsan'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: student
type: ref
possible_keys: ind_name,ind_name_dept
key: ind_name
key_len: 8
ref: const
rows: 1
Extra: Using where
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> explain select * from student \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: student
type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 5
Extra:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)8.备份恢复
##备份
[root@mysql 3306]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
[root@mysql 3306]# mysqldump -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -ptest -B db >/opt/db_back.sql
[root@mysql 3306]#
[root@mysql 3306]# grep -v -E "#|--|\/|^$" /opt/db_back.sql
USE `db`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
UNIQUE KEY `ind_id` (`id`),
KEY `ind_name` (`name`(8)),
KEY `ind_name_dept` (`name`,`dept`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
LOCK TABLES `student` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1,'zhangsan',20,NULL),(2,'lisi',21,NULL),(3,'zhangss',20,NULL),(4,'wangwu',30,NULL),(5,'??',21,NULL);
UNLOCK TABLES;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_i`;
CREATE TABLE `student_i` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ind_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
LOCK TABLES `student_i` WRITE;
UNLOCK TABLES;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_key`;
CREATE TABLE `student_key` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
UNIQUE KEY `ind_id` (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `ind_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
LOCK TABLES `student_key` WRITE;
UNLOCK TABLES;
##恢复
[root@mysql 3306]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -ptest < /opt/db_back.sql
[root@mysql 3306]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use db;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
| 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL |
| 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL |
| 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL |
| 5 | ?? | 21 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
##切日志
[root@mysql 3306]# mysqladmin -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -ptest flush-log
##日志追加恢复
[root@mysql 3306]# mysqldump -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -ptest -B db -F >/opt/db_back_new.sql
mysql> insert into student(id,name,age) values(5,'lijin',30);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from student where id=4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+-----+------+
| id | name | age | dept |
+----+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL |
| 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL |
| 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL |
| 5 | lijin | 30 | NULL |
+----+----------+-----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student(id,name,age) values(6,'ll',12),(7,'qp',10);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
[root@mysql 3306]# mysqlbinlog -uroot -ptest -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -d db mysql-bin.000013 > bin.log
##将误操作delete在bin.log删除，再恢复bin.log9.安全操作
[root@mysql rc3.d]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -ptest -U
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 26
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use db
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update student set name='sunj';
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
mysql> quit
Bye帮助
mysqldump –help
[root@mysql 3306]# mysqldump --help
mysqldump Ver 10.13 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.
Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /application/mysql-5.5.32/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqldump client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file.
--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
-A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases
with all databases selected.
-Y, --all-tablespaces
Dump all the tablespaces.
-y, --no-tablespaces
Do not dump any tablespace information.
--add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.
--add-drop-table Add a DROP TABLE before each create.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)
--add-locks Add locks around INSERT statements.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)
--allow-keywords Allow creation of column names that are keywords.
--apply-slave-statements
Adds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START
SLAVE' to bottom of dump.
--character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
-i, --comments Write additional information.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)
--compatible=name Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By
default tables are dumped in a format optimized for
MySQL. Legal modes are: ansi, mysql323, mysql40,
postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options,
no_table_options, no_field_options. One can use several
modes separated by commas. Note: Requires MySQL server
version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored with
earlier server versions.
--compact Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables
structure comments and header/footer constructs. Enables
options --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks
--skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.
-c, --complete-insert
Use complete insert statements.
-C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol.
-a, --create-options
Include all MySQL specific create options.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)
-B, --databases Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in
this case no tables are given. All name arguments are
regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be
included in the output.
-#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
--debug-check Check memory and open file usage at exit.
--debug-info Print some debug info at exit.
--default-character-set=name
Set the default character set.
--delayed-insert Insert rows with INSERT DELAYED.
--delete-master-logs
Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically
enables --master-data.
-K, --disable-keys '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and
'/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put
in the output.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)
--dump-slave[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename of the
master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting
the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command
in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command
will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will
turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't
forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.
-E, --events Dump events.
-e, --extended-insert
Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several
VALUES lists.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)
--fields-terminated-by=name
Fields in the output file are terminated by the given
string.
--fields-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given
character.
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the
given character.
--fields-escaped-by=name
Fields in the output file are escaped by the given
character.
-F, --flush-logs Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that
if you dump many databases at once (using the option
--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be
flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when
using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case
the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the
moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump
and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you
should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with
--flush-logs.
--flush-privileges Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql
database. This option should be used any time the dump
contains the mysql database and any other database that
depends on the data in the mysql database for proper
restore.
-f, --force Continue even if we get an SQL error.
-?, --help Display this help message and exit.
--hex-blob Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in
hexadecimal format.
-h, --host=name Connect to host.
--ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one
table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once
for each table. Each table must be specified with both
database and table names, e.g.,
--ignore-table=database.table.
--include-master-host-port
Adds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE
MASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-slave.
--insert-ignore Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.
--lines-terminated-by=name
Lines in the output file are terminated by the given
string.
-x, --lock-all-tables
Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved
by taking a global read lock for the duration of the
whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and
--lock-tables off.
-l, --lock-tables Lock all tables for read.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)
--log-error=name Append warnings and errors to given file.
--master-data[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename to be
appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a
CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will
be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn
--lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't
forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables
off.
--max-allowed-packet=#
The maximum packet length to send to or receive from
server.
--net-buffer-length=#
The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.
--no-autocommit Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.
-n, --no-create-db Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement that
normally is output for each dumped database if
--all-databases or --databases is given.
-t, --no-create-info
Don't write table creation info.
-d, --no-data No row information.
-N, --no-set-names Same as --skip-set-charset.
--opt Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,
--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,
and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with
--skip-opt.
--order-by-primary Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique
key, if such a key exists. Useful when dumping a MyISAM
table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make
the dump itself take considerably longer.
-p, --password[=name]
Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
not given it's solicited on the tty.
-P, --port=# Port number to use for connection.
--protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
-q, --quick Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)
-Q, --quote-names Quote table and column names with backticks (`).
(Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)
--replace Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.
-r, --result-file=name
Direct output to a given file. This option should be used
in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return
linefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This option
ensures that only a single newline is used.
-R, --routines Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).
--set-charset Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)
--single-transaction
Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a
single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in
storage engines which support multiversioning (currently
only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be
consistent for other storage engines. While a
--single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a
valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log
position), no other connection should use the following
statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,
TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated
from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.
--dump-date Put a dump date to the end of the output.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)
--skip-opt Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,
--create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,
--lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.
-S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection.
-T, --tab=name Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given
path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works
if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld
server.
--tables Overrides option --databases (-B).
--triggers Dump triggers for each dumped table.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)
--tz-utc SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of
TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time
zones or data is being moved between servers with
different time zones.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)
-u, --user=name User for login if not current user.
-v, --verbose Print info about the various stages.
-V, --version Output version information and exit.
-w, --where=name Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.
-X, --xml Dump a database as well formed XML.
--plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.
--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
all-databases FALSE
all-tablespaces FALSE
no-tablespaces FALSE
add-drop-database FALSE
add-drop-table TRUE
add-locks TRUE
allow-keywords FALSE
apply-slave-statements FALSE
character-sets-dir (No default value)
comments TRUE
compatible (No default value)
compact FALSE
complete-insert FALSE
compress FALSE
create-options TRUE
databases FALSE
debug-check FALSE
debug-info FALSE
default-character-set utf8
delayed-insert FALSE
delete-master-logs FALSE
disable-keys TRUE
dump-slave 0
events FALSE
extended-insert TRUE
fields-terminated-by (No default value)
fields-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-optionally-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-escaped-by (No default value)
flush-logs FALSE
flush-privileges FALSE
force FALSE
hex-blob FALSE
host (No default value)
include-master-host-port FALSE
insert-ignore FALSE
lines-terminated-by (No default value)
lock-all-tables FALSE
lock-tables TRUE
log-error (No default value)
master-data 0
max-allowed-packet 25165824
net-buffer-length 1046528
no-autocommit FALSE
no-create-db FALSE
no-create-info FALSE
no-data FALSE
order-by-primary FALSE
port 0
quick TRUE
quote-names TRUE
replace FALSE
routines FALSE
set-charset TRUE
single-transaction FALSE
dump-date TRUE
socket (No default value)
tab (No default value)
triggers TRUE
tz-utc TRUE
user (No default value)
verbose FALSE
where (No default value)
plugin-dir (No default value)
default-auth (No default value)
mysqlbinlog –help
[root@mysql 3306]# mysqlbinlog --help
mysqlbinlog Ver 3.3 for Linux at x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Dumps a MySQL binary log in a format usable for viewing or for piping to
the mysql command line client.
Usage: mysqlbinlog [options] log-files
-?, --help Display this help and exit.
--base64-output[=name]
Determine when the output statements should be
base64-encoded BINLOG statements: 'never' disables it and
works only for binlogs without row-based events;
'decode-rows' decodes row events into commented SQL
statements if the --verbose option is also given; 'auto'
prints base64 only when necessary (i.e., for row-based
events and format description events); 'always' prints
base64 whenever possible. 'always' is deprecated, will be
removed in a future version, and should not be used in a
production system. --base64-output with no 'name'
argument is equivalent to --base64-output=always and is
also deprecated. If no --base64-output[=name] option is
given at all, the default is 'auto'.
--character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
-d, --database=name List entries for just this database (local log only).
--debug-check Check memory and open file usage at exit .
--debug-info Print some debug info at exit.
--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
-D, --disable-log-bin
Disable binary log. This is useful, if you enabled
--to-last-log and are sending the output to the same
MySQL server. This way you could avoid an endless loop.
You would also like to use it when restoring after a
crash to avoid duplication of the statements you already
have. NOTE: you will need a SUPER privilege to use this
option.
-F, --force-if-open Force if binlog was not closed properly.
(Defaults to on; use --skip-force-if-open to disable.)
-f, --force-read Force reading unknown binlog events.
-H, --hexdump Augment output with hexadecimal and ASCII event dump.
-h, --host=name Get the binlog from server.
-l, --local-load=name
Prepare local temporary files for LOAD DATA INFILE in the
specified directory.
-o, --offset=# Skip the first N entries.
-p, --password[=name]
Password to connect to remote server.
--plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.
-P, --port=# Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/services, built-in default (3306).
--protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
-R, --read-from-remote-server
Read binary logs from a MySQL server.
-r, --result-file=name
Direct output to a given file.
--server-id=# Extract only binlog entries created by the server having
the given id.
--set-charset=name Add 'SET NAMES character_set' to the output.
-s, --short-form Just show regular queries: no extra info and no row-based
events. This is for testing only, and should not be used
in production systems. If you want to suppress
base64-output, consider using --base64-output=never
instead.
-S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection.
--start-datetime=name
Start reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
-j, --start-position=#
Start reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
first binlog passed on the command line.
--stop-datetime=name
Stop reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
--stop-position=# Stop reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
last binlog passed on the command line.
-t, --to-last-log Requires -R. Will not stop at the end of the requested
binlog but rather continue printing until the end of the
last binlog of the MySQL server. If you send the output
to the same MySQL server, that may lead to an endless
loop.
-u, --user=name Connect to the remote server as username.
-v, --verbose Reconstruct SQL statements out of row events. -v -v adds
comments on column data types.
-V, --version Print version and exit.
--open-files-limit=#
Used to reserve file descriptors for use by this program.
Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
base64-output (No default value)
character-sets-dir (No default value)
database (No default value)
debug-check FALSE
debug-info FALSE
default-auth (No default value)
disable-log-bin FALSE
force-if-open TRUE
force-read FALSE
hexdump FALSE
host (No default value)
local-load (No default value)
offset 0
plugin-dir (No default value)
port 0
read-from-remote-server FALSE
server-id 0
set-charset (No default value)
short-form FALSE
socket (No default value)
start-datetime (No default value)
start-position 4
stop-datetime (No default value)
stop-position 18446744073709551615
to-last-log FALSE
user (No default value)
open-files-limit 64grep –help
[root@mysql 3306]# grep --help
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE).
Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c
Regexp selection and interpretation:
-E, --extended-regexp PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE)
-F, --fixed-strings PATTERN is a set of newline-separated fixed strings
-G, --basic-regexp PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE)
-P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression
-e, --regexp=PATTERN use PATTERN for matching
-f, --file=FILE obtain PATTERN from FILE
-i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions
-w, --word-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole words
-x, --line-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole lines
-z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline
Miscellaneous:
-s, --no-messages suppress error messages
-v, --invert-match select non-matching lines
-V, --version print version information and exit
--help display this help and exit
--mmap ignored for backwards compatibility
Output control:
-m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM matches
-b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines
-n, --line-number print line number with output lines
--line-buffered flush output on every line
-H, --with-filename print the filename for each match
-h, --no-filename suppress the prefixing filename on output
--label=LABEL print LABEL as filename for standard input
-o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
-q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output
--binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE;
TYPE is `binary', `text', or `without-match'
-a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text
-I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match
-d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories;
ACTION is `read', `recurse', or `skip'
-D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;
ACTION is `read' or `skip'
-R, -r, --recursive equivalent to --directories=recurse
--include=FILE_PATTERN search only files that match FILE_PATTERN
--exclude=FILE_PATTERN skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE skip files matching any file pattern from FILE
--exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.
-L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs containing no match
-l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs containing matches
-c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE
-T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed)
-Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name
Context control:
-B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
-A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
-C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
-NUM same as --context=NUM
--color[=WHEN],
--colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings;
WHEN is `always', `never', or `auto'
-U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS)
-u, --unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there (MSDOS)
`egrep' means `grep -E'. `fgrep' means `grep -F'.
Direct invocation as either `egrep' or `fgrep' is deprecated.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. If less than two FILEs
are given, assume -h. Exit status is 0 if any line was selected, 1 otherwise;
if any error occurs and -q was not given, the exit status is 2.
Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org
GNU Grep home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
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