Hibernate学习笔记（第四天）

最新推荐文章于 2019-04-08 13:24:52 发布

lyn_kk

最新推荐文章于 2019-04-08 13:24:52 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA 文章标签： hibernate

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lyn_kk/article/details/70143248

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Hibernate_day04

1.今日任务

·Hibernate查询-HQL语法

·Hibernate查询-Criteria语法

·Hibernate查询优化

·Crm案例练习：为客户列表增加查询条件

2.相关知识

2.1Hibernate查询-HQL语法

2.1.1基本语法

public class TestHql {
	// 基本语法
	@Test
	public void fun1() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql = " from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer ";// 完整写法
		String hql2 = " from  Customer "; // 简单写法
		String hql3 = " from java.lang.Object ";

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql3);

		List list = query.list();

		System.out.println(list);
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 排序
	public void fun2() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql1 = " from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer order by cust_id asc ";// 完整写法
		String hql2 = " from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer order by cust_id desc ";// 完整写法

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql2);

		List list = query.list();

		System.out.println(list);
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 条件查询
	public void fun3() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql1 = " from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer where cust_id =? ";// 完整写法
		String hql2 = " from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer where cust_id = :id ";// 完整写法

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql2);

		// query.setParameter(0, 2l);
		query.setParameter("id", 2l);

		List list = query.list();

		System.out.println(list);
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 分页查询
	public void fun4() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql1 = " from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";// 完整写法

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql1);

		// limit ?,?
		// (当前页数-1)*每页条数
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(2);

		List list = query.list();

		System.out.println(list);
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 统计查询
	// count 计数
	// sum 求和
	// avg 平均数
	// max
	// min
	public void fun5() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql1 = " select count(*) from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";// 完整写法
		String hql2 = " select sum(cust_id) from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";// 完整写法
		String hql3 = " select avg(cust_id) from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";// 完整写法
		String hql4 = " select max(cust_id) from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";// 完整写法
		String hql5 = " select min(cust_id) from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";// 完整写法

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql5);

		Number number = (Number) query.uniqueResult();

		System.out.println(number);
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 投影查询
	public void fun6() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql1 = " select cust_name from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";
		String hql2 = " select cust_name,cust_id from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";
		String hql3 = " select new Customer(cust_id,cust_name) from  cn.itcast.domain.Customer  ";

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql3);

		List list = query.list();

		System.out.println(list);

		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}
}

2.1.2多表查询语法

//学习HQL语法(不常用) - 多表查询语法
public class TestHql2 {
	// 回顾-原生SQL
	// 交叉连接-笛卡尔积(避免)
	// select * from A,B
	// 内连接
	// |-隐式内连接
	// select * from A,B where b.aid = a.id
	// |-显式内连接
	// select * from A inner join B on b.aid = a.id
	// 外连接
	// |- 左外
	// select * from A left [outer] join B on b.aid = a.id
	// |- 右外
	// select * from A right [outer] join B on b.aid = a.id
	// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// HQL的多表查询
	// 内连接(迫切)
	// 外连接
	// |-左外(迫切)
	// |-右外(迫切)

	@Test
	// HQL 内连接 => 将连接的两端对象分别返回.放到数组中.
	public void fun1() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql = " from Customer c inner join c.linkMens ";

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);

		List<Object[]> list = query.list();

		for (Object[] arr : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
		}
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// HQL 迫切内连接 => 帮我们进行封装.返回值就是一个对象
	public void fun2() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql = " from Customer c inner join fetch c.linkMens ";

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);

		List<Customer> list = query.list();

		System.out.println(list);
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// HQL 左外连接 => 将连接的两端对象分别返回.放到数组中.
	public void fun3() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql = " from Customer c left join c.linkMens ";

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);

		List<Object[]> list = query.list();

		for (Object[] arr : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
		}
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// HQL 右外连接 => 将连接的两端对象分别返回.放到数组中.
	public void fun4() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		String hql = " from Customer c right join c.linkMens ";

		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);

		List<Object[]> list = query.list();

		for (Object[] arr : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
		}
		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}
}

2.2Hibernate查询-Criteria语法

2.2.1基本语法

public class TestCriteria {
	@Test
	// 基本语法
	public void fun1() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------

		Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);

		List<Customer> list = c.list();

		System.out.println(list);

		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 条件语法
	public void fun2() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------

		Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);

		// c.add(Restrictions.idEq(2l));
		c.add(Restrictions.eq("cust_id", 2l));

		List<Customer> list = c.list();

		System.out.println(list);

		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 分页语法 - 与HQL一样
	public void fun3() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------

		Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
		// limit ?,?
		c.setFirstResult(0);
		c.setMaxResults(2);

		List<Customer> list = c.list();

		System.out.println(list);

		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 排序语法
	public void fun4() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------

		Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);

		c.addOrder(Order.asc("cust_id"));
		// c.addOrder(Order.desc("cust_id"));

		List<Customer> list = c.list();

		System.out.println(list);

		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

	@Test
	// 统计语法
	public void fun5() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		// ----------------------------------------------------

		Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);

		// 设置查询目标
		c.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());

		List list = c.list();

		System.out.println(list);

		// ----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();

	}

}

2.2.2 离线Criteria

/*
 * 离线Criteria
 */
public class TestCriteria2 {
	@Test
	public void fun1(){
		//Service/web层
		DetachedCriteria dc  = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
		
		dc.add(Restrictions.idEq(6l));//拼装条件(全部与普通Criteria一致)
		
		//----------------------------------------------------
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		//----------------------------------------------------
		Criteria c = dc.getExecutableCriteria(session);
		
		List list = c.list();
		
		System.out.println(list);
		//----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
}

2.3Hibernate查询优化

2.3.1 类级别查询

//懒加载|延迟加载
public class TestLazy {
	@Test
	// get方法 : 立即加载.执行方法时立即发送sql语句查询结果
	public void fun1(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		//----------------------------------------------------
		
		Customer c = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
		
		System.out.println(c);
		//----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	// load方法(默认):是在执行时,不发送任何sql语句.返回一个对象.使用该对象时,才执行查询.
	// 延迟加载: 仅仅获得没有使用.不会查询.在使用时才进行查询.
	// 是否对类进行延迟加载: 可以通过在class元素上配置lazy属性来控制.
		//lazy:true  加载时,不查询.使用时才查询b
		//lazy:false 加载时立即查询.
	public void fun2(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		//----------------------------------------------------
		
		Customer c = session.load(Customer.class, 2l);
		
		//----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
		System.out.println(c);
		
	}
}

lazy(默认值):true, 查询类时,会返回代理对象.会在使用属性时,根据关联的session查询数据库.加载数据.

lazy:false.load方法会与get方法没有任何区别.调用时即加载数据.

结论:为了提高效率.建议使用延迟加载(懒加载)

注意:使用懒加载时要确保,调用属性加载数据时,session还是打开的.不然会抛出No Session异常

2.3.2 关联级别查询

Customer.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.itheima.domain" >
	<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" lazy="false" >
		<id name="cust_id"  >
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" ></property>
		<property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" ></property>
		<property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" ></property>
		<property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" ></property>
		<property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman" ></property>
		<property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" ></property>
		<property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" ></property>
	
	<!-- 
		lazy属性: 决定是否延迟加载
			true(默认值): 延迟加载,懒加载
			false: 立即加载
			extra: 极其懒惰
		fetch属性: 决定加载策略.使用什么类型的sql语句加载集合数据
			select(默认值): 单表查询加载
			join: 使用多表查询加载集合
			subselect:使用子查询加载集合
	 -->
	 <!-- batch-size: 抓取集合的数量为3.
	 		抓取客户的集合时,一次抓取几个客户的联系人集合.
	  -->
		<set name="linkMens" batch-size="3"  >
			<key column="lkm_cust_id" ></key>
			<one-to-many class="LinkMan" />
		</set>
		
	
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

LinkMan.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.domain" >
	<class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman" >
		<id name="lkm_id"  >
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="lkm_gender"  ></property>
		<property name="lkm_name"  ></property>
		<property name="lkm_phone"  ></property>
		<property name="lkm_email"  ></property>
		<property name="lkm_qq"  ></property>
		<property name="lkm_mobile"  ></property>
		<property name="lkm_memo"  ></property>
		<property name="lkm_position"  ></property>
		<!-- 
		fetch 决定加载的sql语句
			select: 使用单表查询
			join : 多表查询
		lazy  决定加载时机
			false: 立即加载
			proxy: 由customer的类级别加载策略决定.
		 -->
		<many-to-one name="customer" column="lkm_cust_id" class="Customer" fetch="join" lazy="proxy"  >
		</many-to-one>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

测试代码：

//关联级别 延迟加载 & 抓取策略
public class TestLazyFetch {
	
	@Test
	//fetch:select	单表查询
	//lazy:proxy  
		//customer-true 懒加载
	public void fun1(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		//----------------------------------------------------
		
		LinkMan lm = session.get(LinkMan.class, 3l);
		
		Customer customer = lm.getCustomer();
		
		System.out.println(customer);
		
		//----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	@Test
	//fetch:join	多表
	//lazy: 失效  
	public void fun3(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		//----------------------------------------------------
		
		LinkMan lm = session.get(LinkMan.class, 3l);
		
		Customer customer = lm.getCustomer();
		
		System.out.println(customer);
		
		//----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	@Test
	//fetch:select	单表查询
	//lazy:proxy  
		//customer-false 立即加载
	public void fun2(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		//----------------------------------------------------
		
		LinkMan lm = session.get(LinkMan.class, 3l);
		
		Customer customer = lm.getCustomer();
		
		System.out.println(customer);
		
		//----------------------------------------------------
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
}

结论:为了提高效率.fetch的选择上应选择select. lazy的取值应选择 true. 全部使用默认值.

no-session问题解决: 扩大session的作用范围.

2.3.3批量抓取

<!-- batch-size: 抓取集合的数量为3.
	 		抓取客户的集合时,一次抓取几个客户的联系人集合.
	  -->
		<set name="linkMens" batch-size="3"  >
			<key column="lkm_cust_id" ></key>
			<one-to-many class="LinkMan" />
		</set>

3.crm练习案例

练习:为客户列表增加查询条件

Servlet层方法：

public String list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
		DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
		//获取当期页
		int currentPage = 1;
		//如果参数为空 默认显示第一页
		if (request.getParameter("currentPage")!=null && !request.getParameter("currentPage").equals("")) {
			currentPage = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("currentPage"));
		}
		//获取筛选客户名称
		String cust_name = request.getParameter("cust_name");
		if (cust_name!=null) {
			//如果筛选客户名称不为空添加模糊查询条件
			dc.add(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "%"+cust_name+"%"));
		}
		//设置每一页显示几条记录
		int pageSize = 10;
		//调用业务层获取客户列表
		PageBean<Customer> pb = customerService.getCustomerByPage(dc,currentPage,pageSize);
		request.setAttribute("pb", pb);
		return "/jsp/customer/list.jsp";
	}

Service层方法：

public PageBean<Customer> getCustomerByPage(DetachedCriteria dc, int currentPage, int pageSize) throws Exception {
		// 获取客户列表
		List<Customer> list = customrDao.getCustomerListByPage(dc,currentPage,pageSize);
		// 获取总数量
		int count = customrDao.getCount();
		// 封装到pagebean
		PageBean<Customer> pb = new PageBean<>(list, currentPage, pageSize, count);
		return pb;
	}

Dao层方法：

public List<Customer> getCustomerListByPage(DetachedCriteria dc, int currentPage, int pageSize) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// 打开会话
		Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
		Criteria criteria = null;
		//判断 dc是否为空
		if (dc==null) {
			criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
		}else{
			//将dc转换为criteria
			criteria = dc.getExecutableCriteria(session);
		}
		// 设置分页参数
		criteria.setFirstResult((currentPage-1)*pageSize);
		criteria.setMaxResults(pageSize);
		// 获取客户列表
		List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
		// 关闭session
		session.close();
		return list;
	}

lyn_kk

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Hibernate学习笔记（第四天）

Hibernate_day041.今日任务·Hibernate查询-HQL语法·Hibernate查询-Criteria语法·Hibernate查询优化·Crm案例练习：为客户列表增加查询条件2.相关知识2.1Hibernate查询-HQL语法2.1.1基本语法public class TestHql { // 基本语法 @Test public void
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