第2章 装配Bean---xml显示装配---笔记4

概述：

初学者用到spring的时候自然想到用xml配置文件，xml几乎是spring实现代名词

主要学习点：

1.构造器注入。

2.属性注入

1.构造器注入

• <constructor-arg>元素
• 使用Spring3.0所引入的c-命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- <bean id="adeleSong" class="learn.chapter2.AdeleSong" /> -->
	<!-- <bean id="girlSong" class="learn.chapter2.GirlSong"> <constructor-arg 
		ref="adeleSong"/> </bean> -->

	<!-- c命名空间来 -->
	<!-- <bean id="girlSong" class="learn.chapter2.GirlSong"
		c:compactDisc-ref="adeleSong" /> -->
	<!-- c命名空间来  可以用索引，不过前面必须要下划线，因为不能以数字开头-->
	<!-- <bean id="girlSong" class="learn.chapter2.GirlSong" c:_0-ref="adeleSong" /> -->
	<!-- c命名空间来 如果是一个参数的构造方法可以省略索引-->
	<!-- <bean id="girlSong" class="learn.chapter2.GirlSong" c:_-ref="adeleSong" />
 -->
	<!-- <bean id="adeleSong" class="learn.chapter2.AdeleSong">
		<constructor-arg value="hellossssss"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="Adeleeeee"></constructor-arg>
	</bean> -->
	
	
	<!-- <bean id="adeleSong" class="learn.chapter2.AdeleSong"
		c:title="hellossssssss"
		c:artist="Adeleeeeee"
	/> -->
	<bean id="adeleSong" class="learn.chapter2.AdeleSong"
		c:_0="hellossssssss"
		c:_1="Adeleeeeee"
	/>
		

</beans>

package learn.chapter;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import learn.chapter2.AdeleSong;
import learn.chapter2.GirlSong;
import learn.chapter2.javaConfig.CDPlayerConfig;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class XMLClearTest2 {

	
	@Test
	public void CompactDiscIsNotNull(){
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("constructor.xml");
		assertNotNull(ac.getBean("girlSong"));
		GirlSong girl = (GirlSong) ac.getBean("girlSong");
		girl.getCompactDisc().play();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void CompactDisc(){
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("constructor.xml");
		assertNotNull(ac.getBean("adeleSong"));
		AdeleSong girl = (AdeleSong) ac.getBean("adeleSong");
		girl.play();
	}
}

package learn.chapter2;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 创建一个Adele的歌曲hello
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Component
public class AdeleSong implements CompactDisc{

	private String title = "hello";
	private String artist = "Adele";
	
	
	public AdeleSong() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}


	public AdeleSong(String title, String artist) {
		super();
		this.title = title;
		this.artist = artist;
	}


	public void play() {
		System.out.println("歌曲为：" + title + "\t歌手为：" + artist);
	}

}

总结：构造方法注入有三种方式

<constructor-arg value =""/>

<c:_索引-ref=Id/>

<c:构造参数名-ref=beanId/>

2.装配集合（这时候c:空间不可以装配集合）

package learn.chapter2;

import java.util.List;

public class BlankDisc implements CompactDisc {

	private String title;
	
	private String artist;
	
	private List<String> tracks;
	
	
	
	public BlankDisc(String title, String artist, List<String> tracks) {
		super();
		this.title = title;
		this.artist = artist;
		this.tracks = tracks;
	}



	public void play() {
		System.out.println("专辑为" + title + "\t 歌手为：" + artist);
		if(null!=tracks && tracks.size() > 0){
			for (String track : tracks){
				System.out.println("---磁道: " + track);
			}
		}
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
		
	<!-- 容易报空指针异常 -->
	<!-- <bean id="compactDisc" class="learn.chapter2.BlankDisc">
		<constructor-arg value="海阔天空"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="beyond"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg ><null/></constructor-arg>
	</bean> -->
	
	
	<!-- 容易报空指针异常 -->
	<bean id="compactDisc" class="learn.chapter2.BlankDisc">
		<constructor-arg value="海阔天空"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="beyond"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg >
			<list>
				<value>磁道一</value>
				<value>磁道二</value>
				<value>磁道仨</value>
				<value>磁道四</value>
				<value>磁道五</value>
			</list>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>
</beans>

测试类：

package learn.chapter;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import learn.chapter2.AdeleSong;
import learn.chapter2.CompactDisc;
import learn.chapter2.GirlSong;
import learn.chapter2.javaConfig.CDPlayerConfig;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class XMLClearTest2 {

	
	@Test
	public void CompactDiscIsNotNull(){
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("constructor.xml");
		assertNotNull(ac.getBean("girlSong"));
		GirlSong girl = (GirlSong) ac.getBean("girlSong");
		girl.getCompactDisc().play();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void CompactDisc(){
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("constructor.xml");
		assertNotNull(ac.getBean("adeleSong"));
		AdeleSong girl = (AdeleSong) ac.getBean("adeleSong");
		girl.play();
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 测试集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void CompactDiscSet(){
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("constructor.xml");
		assertNotNull(ac.getBean("compactDisc"));
		CompactDisc girl = (CompactDisc) ac.getBean("compactDisc");
		girl.play();
	}
}

总结主要涉及到值的注入，这里可以用list 和set ，两者的区别就是list能保证顺序，而set保证唯一性

注入对象：

package learn.chapter2;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class GirlSong {

	private CompactDisc compactDisc;
	private List<CompactDisc> compactDiscs;
	
	
	
	public GirlSong(List<CompactDisc> compactDiscs) {
		super();
		this.compactDiscs = compactDiscs;
	}

	public GirlSong(CompactDisc compactDisc) {
		this.compactDisc = compactDisc;
	}

	public CompactDisc getCompactDisc() {
		return compactDisc;
	}
	public void setCompactDisc(CompactDisc compactDisc) {
		this.compactDisc = compactDisc;
	}
	
}

<bean id="adeleSong" class="learn.chapter2.AdeleSong"/>
	<bean id="ananRyokoSong" class="learn.chapter2.AnanRyokoSong"/>
	<bean id="keshaSong" class="learn.chapter2.KeshaSong"/>
	
	<bean id="girlSong" class="learn.chapter2.GirlSong">
		<constructor-arg>
			<list>
				<ref bean="adeleSong"/>
				<ref bean="ananRyokoSong"/>
				<ref bean="keshaSong"/>
			</list>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>

测试方法：

/**
	 * 测试集合注入bean
	 */
	@Test
	public void CompactDiscBeanSet(){
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("constructor.xml");
		assertNotNull(ac.getBean("girlSong"));
		GirlSong girl = (GirlSong) ac.getBean("girlSong");
		List<CompactDisc> lis = girl.getCompactDiscs();
		for(CompactDisc d : lis){
			d.play();
		}
	}

结果：

歌曲为：hello 歌手为：Adele
歌曲为：Refrain 歌手为：AnanRyoko
歌曲为：Tik Tok 歌手为：Kesha

2.属性注入

属性注入跟构造方式注入很相似，对应构造有c:命名空间 属性有p:命名空间，同时提供非常有用的帮助util标签，完成组件的效果

属性注入一般用于弱依赖，也就是可有可无补充条件，而构造一般用于强依赖，也就是必要的条件

定义三个属性：

package learn.chapter2;

import java.util.List;

public class BlankDisc implements CompactDisc {

	private String title;
	
	private String artist;
	
	private List<String> tracks;


	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}

	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}

	public String getArtist() {
		return artist;
	}

	public void setArtist(String artist) {
		this.artist = artist;
	}

	public List<String> getTracks() {
		return tracks;
	}

	public void setTracks(List<String> tracks) {
		this.tracks = tracks;
	}
	

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "BlankDisc [title=" + title + ", artist=" + artist + ", tracks=" + tracks + "]";
	}

	public void play() {
		System.out.println("专辑为" + title + "\t 歌手为：" + artist);
		if(null!=tracks && tracks.size() > 0){
			for (String track : tracks){
				System.out.println("---磁道: " + track);
			}
		}
	}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- 只注入两个属性 -->
	<bean id="blankDisc" class="learn.chapter2.BlankDisc">
		<property name="title" value="hello"/>
		<property name="artist" value="adele"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

测试类：

package learn.chapter;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import learn.chapter2.BlankDisc;
import learn.chapter2.javaConfig.CDPlayerConfig;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class XMLClearTest2 {
	/**
	 * 测试集合注入bean
	 */
	@Test
	public void CompactDiscBeanSet(){
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("constructor.xml");
		assertNotNull(ac.getBean("blankDisc"));
		BlankDisc girl = (BlankDisc) ac.getBean("blankDisc");
		System.out.println(girl);
	}
}

结果：

BlankDisc [title=hello, artist=adele, tracks=null]

接下来用p空间来设置，首先要添加命名空间的头部 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- 只注入两个属性 -->
	<!-- <bean id="blankDisc" class="learn.chapter2.BlankDisc">
		<property name="title" value="hello"/>
		<property name="artist" value="adele"/>
	</bean>
	 -->
	<!-- 只注入两个属性 采用p空间-->
	<bean id="blankDisc" class="learn.chapter2.BlankDisc"
		p:title="hello" 
		p:artist="adele"/>
	
</beans>

测试的结果是一样的。注意如果是字面值不用-ref，反之

通过属性配置集合

<!-- 用属性配置集合，这时候只能有property属性 -->

	<bean id="blankDisc" class="learn.chapter2.BlankDisc">
		<property name="title" value="hello" />
		<property name="artist" value="adele" />
		<property name="tracks">
			<list>
				<value>磁道1</value>
				<value>磁道2</value>
				<value>磁道3</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>

结果为：

BlankDisc [title=hello, artist=adele, tracks=[磁道1, 磁道2, 磁道3]]

通过帮助命名空间：增加头信息

xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" 
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">


	<!-- property帮助标签 util，首先要引入命名空间 -->
	<!-- 它可以将list单独分开出来，其它bean可以复用 -->
	<util:list id="trackList">
		<value>磁道1</value>
		<value>磁道2</value>
		<value>磁道3</value>
	</util:list >
	<util:map>
		<entry key="">
			<value></value>
		</entry>
	</util:map>
	<bean id="blankDisc" 
		class="learn.chapter2.BlankDisc"
		p:title="hello"
		p:artist="adele"
		p:tracks-ref="trackList"></bean>
	
</beans>

测试的效果是一样的

其它所有的标签

• util:constant   引用某个类型的public static域，并将其暴露为bean
• util:list            创建一个java.util.List类型的bean，其中包含值或引用
• util:map         创建一个java.util.Map类型的bean，其中包含值或引用
• util:properties 创建一个java.util.Properties类型的bean
• util:property-path 引用一个bean的属性（或内嵌属性），并将其暴露为bean
• util:set             创建一个java.util.Set类型的bean，其中包含值或引用

总结：构造方法注入和属性注入，属性注入相对于构造多了util标签，方便复用