设计模式之备忘录模式

概述：在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态

角色：

1. Memento 备忘录存储原发器对象的内部状态
2. Originator 原发器创建一个备忘录,用以记录当前时刻它的内部状态。 使用备忘录恢复内部状态
3. Caretaker 负责保存好备忘录。 不能对备忘录的内容进行操作或检查

类图：

实现：

public class Originator {
    private String state;

    public Originator(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    //保存
    public Memento createMemento() {
        return new Memento(state);
    }

    //返回
    public void history(Memento memento) {
        state = memento.getState();
    }


    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        System.out.println("Originator{" +
                "state='" + state + '\'' +
                '}');

        return "Originator{" +
                "state='" + state + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Memento {
    private String state;

    public Memento(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
}

public class Caretaker {

    private ArrayList<Memento> mementoList ;

    public Memento getMemento(int i){
        if(null!=mementoList){
            return mementoList.get(i);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public void setMemento(Memento memento){
        if(null == mementoList){
            mementoList = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        mementoList.add(memento);
    }
}

public class testMemento {
    //步数标志
    private static int index = 0;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Caretaker caretaker = new Caretaker();
        Originator originator = new Originator("1");
        originator.toString();
        caretaker.setMemento(originator.createMemento());
        //每次备份，index+1
        index++;
        originator.setState("2");
        originator.toString();
        caretaker.setMemento(originator.createMemento());
        index++;
        originator.setState("3");
        originator.toString();
        originator.history(caretaker.getMemento(index-1));
        //每次撤销，index-1
        index--;
        originator.toString();
        originator.history(caretaker.getMemento(index-1));
        index--;
        originator.toString();
    }
}

打印：
Originator{state=’1’}
Originator{state=’2’}
Originator{state=’3’}
Originator{state=’2’}
Originator{state=’1’}