SpringBoot笔记3---如何读写数据库之使用CrudRepository中提供的方法来读写数据库

读写数据库的方式有多种，但不管是哪种方式读写数据库，都会包含一些相同的步骤，具体包括如下：

1 添加依赖：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.gm</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot-test</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>springboot-test Maven Webapp</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
			<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
			<version>3.11</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<finalName>springboot-test</finalName>
	</build>
</project>

2 数据库配置：

在src/main/resources目录下简历文件application.properties文件（SpringBoot会使用一些默认的配置，当SpringBoot检测到application.properties文件时，会使用该文件中的参数来进行相关信息的配置），文件内容如下：

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = root
spring.datasource.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

特别注意：每一行的后面不能有空格。

读取数据库的方法：

方法一：继承CrudRepository，用CrudRepository中提供的方法来读写数据库，举例如下：

1 编写数据库操作的实体类User：

package com.gm.springboot_test.entity;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	private int id;

	@Column(name = "name", nullable = true, length = 255)
	private String name;

	@Column(name = "age", nullable = true, length = 11)
	private int age;

	@Column(name = "sex", nullable = true, length = 2)
	private String sex;

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "{name = " + name + 
				", age = " + age +
				", sex = " + sex + "}";
	}

}

2 编写dao层的数据库操作类UserDao

package com.gm.springboot_test.dao;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;

import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

import com.gm.springboot_test.entity.User;

@Transactional
public interface UserDao extends CrudRepository<User, Integer> {

}

注意：CrudRepository需要传两个类，其中的第一个类User表示数据库操作实体类，第二类Integer表示实体User中id对应的类型。

3 编写控制类UserController

package com.gm.springboot_test.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.gm.springboot_test.dao.UserDao;
import com.gm.springboot_test.entity.User;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
	@Autowired
	private UserDao userDao;
	
	@RequestMapping("/getAll")
	@ResponseBody
	public String getAll() {
		List<User> userList = (List<User>) userDao.findAll();
		
		String result = "";
		
		for (User user : userList) {
			result += user.toString() + "<br/>";
		}
		
		return result;
	}
}

4 主程序入口类AppMain

package com.gm.springboot_test;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class AppMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		SpringApplication.run(AppMain.class, args);
	}

}