java获取当前路径及加载配置文件(报错：java.lang.NullPointerException java.util.Properties$LineReader.readLine(Prop)

近期需要编写一个java的客户端插件，需要打成jar包运行，原本开发期好用的程序达成jar包因为路径问题就不好用了，所以研究了一下，发出程序以供参考。

目录结构如下：

达成jar包后目录结构如下：

测试程序如下：

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. public class ClassLoaderTest {
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
5. // 通过classLoader 获取资源
6. URL url1 = ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResource(
7. "net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class");
8. System.out
9. .println("ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResource("
10. + "\"net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class\") = [" + url1
11. + "]");
13. // 通过Class 获取资源
14. URL url2 = ClassLoaderTest.class.getResource("ClassLoaderTest.class");
15. System.out.println("ClassLoaderTest.class.getResource("
16. + "\"ClassLoaderTest.class\") = [" + url2 + "]");
18. // 通过user.dir获取路径
19. String path = System.getProperty("user.dir");
20. System.out.println("System.getProperty(\"user.dir\") = [" + path + "]");
22. Properties prop = new Properties();
24. // 通过File方式获取conf.properties
25. String confPath = path.concat("src")
26. .concat(File.separator).concat("java").concat(File.separator)
27. .concat("resource").concat(File.separator).concat("conf")
28. .concat(File.separator).concat("conf.properties");
29. System.out.println(confPath);
31. File file = new File(confPath);
32. InputStream is = null;
33. if (file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
34. try {
35. is = new FileInputStream(file);
36. prop.load(is);
37. System.out.println("File Load Successful. Name is: ["
38. + prop.getProperty("name") + "]");
39. prop.clear();
40. } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
41. e.printStackTrace();
42. System.out.println("File not Found Exception.");
43. } catch (Exception e) {
44. e.printStackTrace();
45. System.out.println("Properties load Exception.");
46. } finally {
47. if (is != null) {
48. try {
49. is.close();
50. } catch (IOException e) {
51. e.printStackTrace();
52. }
53. }
54. }
55. } else {
56. System.out.println("Can not find conf.properties from [" + confPath
57. + "]");
58. }
60. // 通过ClassPath获取
62. is = ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
63. "conf/conf.properties");
64. try {
65. prop.load(is);
66. System.out
67. .println("ClassPath \"conf/conf.properties\" Load Successful. Name is: ["
68. + prop.getProperty("name") + "]");
69. prop.clear();
70. } catch (Exception e) {
71. e.printStackTrace();
72. System.out.println("Properties load Exception.");
73. } finally {
74. if (is != null) {
75. try {
76. is.close();
77. } catch (IOException e) {
78. e.printStackTrace();
79. }
80. }
82. }
84. is = ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
85. "conf\\conf.properties");
86. try {
87. prop.load(is);
88. System.out
89. .println("ClassPath \"conf\\conf.properties\" Load Successful. Name is: ["
90. + prop.getProperty("name") + "]");
91. prop.clear();
92. } catch (Exception e) {
93. e.printStackTrace();
94. System.out.println("Properties load Exception.");
95. } finally {
96. if (is != null) {
97. try {
98. is.close();
99. } catch (IOException e) {
100. e.printStackTrace();
101. }
102. }
104. }
106. }
107. }

public class ClassLoaderTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// 通过classLoader 获取资源
		URL url1 = ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResource(
				"net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class");
		System.out
				.println("ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResource("
						+ "\"net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class\") = [" + url1
						+ "]");

		// 通过Class 获取资源
		URL url2 = ClassLoaderTest.class.getResource("ClassLoaderTest.class");
		System.out.println("ClassLoaderTest.class.getResource("
				+ "\"ClassLoaderTest.class\") = [" + url2 + "]");

		// 通过user.dir获取路径
		String path = System.getProperty("user.dir");
		System.out.println("System.getProperty(\"user.dir\") = [" + path + "]");

		Properties prop = new Properties();

		// 通过File方式获取conf.properties
		String confPath = path.concat("src")
				.concat(File.separator).concat("java").concat(File.separator)
				.concat("resource").concat(File.separator).concat("conf")
				.concat(File.separator).concat("conf.properties");
		System.out.println(confPath);

		File file = new File(confPath);
		InputStream is = null;
		if (file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
			try {
				is = new FileInputStream(file);
				prop.load(is);
				System.out.println("File Load Successful. Name is: ["
						+ prop.getProperty("name") + "]");
				prop.clear();
			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				System.out.println("File not Found Exception.");
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				System.out.println("Properties load Exception.");
			} finally {
				if (is != null) {
					try {
						is.close();
					} catch (IOException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			System.out.println("Can not find conf.properties from [" + confPath
					+ "]");
		}

		// 通过ClassPath获取

		is = ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
				"conf/conf.properties");
		try {
			prop.load(is);
			System.out
					.println("ClassPath \"conf/conf.properties\" Load Successful. Name is: ["
							+ prop.getProperty("name") + "]");
			prop.clear();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("Properties load Exception.");
		} finally {
			if (is != null) {
				try {
					is.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

		}

		is = ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
				"conf\\conf.properties");
		try {
			prop.load(is);
			System.out
					.println("ClassPath \"conf\\conf.properties\" Load Successful. Name is: ["
							+ prop.getProperty("name") + "]");
			prop.clear();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("Properties load Exception.");
		} finally {
			if (is != null) {
				try {
					is.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

		}

	}
}

开发期程序运行结果如下：

ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResource("net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class") = [file:/E:/workspace/test/bin/net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class]

ClassLoaderTest.class.getResource("ClassLoaderTest.class") = [file:/E:/workspace/test/bin/net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class]

System.getProperty("user.dir") = [E:\workspace\test]

E:\workspace\testsrc\java\resource\conf\conf.properties

Can not find conf.properties from [E:\workspace\testsrc\java\resource\conf\conf.properties]

ClassPath "conf/conf.properties" Load Successful. Name is: [csdn]

ClassPath "conf\conf.properties" Load Successful. Name is: [csdn]

达成jar包以后运行结果如下：

ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader().getResource("net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.cla
ss") = [jar:file:/C:/test.jar!/net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class]

ClassLoaderTest.class.getResource("ClassLoaderTest.class") = [jar:file:/C:/test.
jar!/net/csdn/ClassLoaderTest.class]

System.getProperty("user.dir") = [C:\]

C:\src\java\resource\conf\conf.properties

Can not find conf.properties from [C:\src\java\resource\conf\conf.properties]
ClassPath "conf/conf.properties" Load Successful. Name is: [csdn]

java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.Properties$LineReader.readLine(Unknown Source)
at java.util.Properties.load0(Unknown Source)
at java.util.Properties.load(Unknown Source)
at net.csdn.ClassLoaderTest.main(ClassLoaderTest.java:97)
Properties load Exception.

可见，达成jar包以后，jar包中的文件路径已经和开发期不同，不能再使用绝对路径。

即使使用jar包的路径，因为jar包是以zip文件格式存在，不能作为路径读取，所以url显示为test.jar！,表示不可以通过文件流进行读取。

如果需要开发期和jar包运行同时有效，需要使用Classpath的方式，而且不可以使用File.seperator作为路径分隔符，因为貌似从程序中不识别“\”作为相对路径分隔符，

所以建议在读取文件时，采用Classpath的方式读取，使用相对路径，路径分隔符采用“/”。