Multimedia Standards Introduction——专业术语

[Quto from H.261 specification]

The standard supports two video frame sizes: CIF(352x288 luma with 176x144 chroma) and QCIF (176x144 with 88x72 chroma) using a 4:2:0

 352x288 luma with 176x144 chroma<----- 这个怎么理解 ？

1， 4：2：0的采样方法表示在水平方向上采用 2：1(明度 比 色度)的水平采样，垂直方向上采用 2：1(明度 比 色度)的采样。

2，所以，luma的resolution(352*288)可以理解成图像的大小(尺寸)，而chroma的resolution(176*144 in this)指的是在luma resoltuion一定的情况下，色度信息的size。

YUV specification

由上面的知识点我们引出了 YUV的概念，下面我们将单独讲解一下YUV的相关知识。

YUV 是一种颜色编码方式，它较RGB的优势是，YUV在颜色编码的过程中，将人的视觉感知纳入考虑。

YUV is a color space typically used as part of a color image pipeline. It encodes a color image or video taking human perception into account, allowing reduced bandwidth for chrominance components, thereby typically enabling transmission errors or compression artifacts to be more efficiently masked by the human perception than using a "direct" RGB-representation. Other color spaces have similar properties, and the main reason to implement or investigate properties of Y'UV would be for interfacing with analog or digital television or photographic equipment that conforms to certain Y'UV standards.
（其中 Y‘ 表示经过 Gamma 矫正后的 Y数据）

Y'UV was invented when engineers wanted color television in a black-and-white infrastructure.

下面的图展示了，U-V 在 y=0.5情况下的调色板

一副图片中，对应的 Y‘ ，U， V数据示例：

YUV数据的抽样，色度抽样，Sampling systems and ratios：

The subsampling scheme is commonly expressed as a three part ratio J:a:b (e.g. 4:2:2), although sometimes expressed as four parts (e.g. 4:2:2:4), that describe the number of luminance and chrominance samples in a conceptual region that is J pixels wide, and 2 pixels hig