1. 如果在已经处于ESTABLISHED状态下的socket(一般由端口号和标志符区分)进行closesocket(一般不会立即关闭而经历TIME_WAIT的过程)后想继续重用该socket:
BOOL bReuseAddr= TRUE;
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&bReuseAddr, sizeof(BOOL) );
2. 如果要已经处于连接状态的socket在调用closesocket后强制关闭,不经历TIME_WAIT的过程:
BOOL bDontLinger = TRUE;
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTLINGER, (const char*)&bDontLinger, sizeof(BOOL) );
3. 在send和recv的过程中有时因为网络状况等原因,收发不能预期进行,而设置收发时限:
// 设置为1秒
int nTimeOut = 1000;
// 发送时限
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (const char*)&nTimeOut, sizeof(int) );
// 接受时限
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (const char*)&nTimeOut, sizeof(int) );
4. 在send的时候,返回的是实际发送出去的字节(同步)或发送到socket缓冲区的字节(异步)。系统默认的状态发送和接收一次为8688字节(约为8.5K),在实际过程中发送数据和接收数据比较大,可以设置socket缓冲区,而避免send和recv不断的循环收发:
// 接收缓冲
int nRecvBuf = 1024*32; // 设置为32K
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (const char*)&nRecvBuf, sizeof(int) );
// 发送缓冲
int nSendBuf = 1024*32; // 设置为32K
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (const char*)&nSendBuf, sizeof(int) );
5. 如果在发送数据的时候,希望不经历由系统缓冲区到socket缓冲区的拷贝而影响程序的性能:
int nZero = 0;
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (const char*)&nZero, sizeof(int) );
6. 同上在recv完成上述功能(默认情况是将socket缓冲区的内容拷贝到系统缓冲区):
int nZero = 0;
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (const char*)&nZero, sizeof(int) );
7. 一般在发送UDP数据报的时候,希望该socket发送的数据具有广播特性:
BOOL bBroadcast = TRUE;
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (const char*)&bBroadcast, sizeof(BOOL) );
8. 在client连接服务器过程中,如果出于非阻塞模式下的socket在connect的过程中可以设置connect时延,直到accept被呼叫(本函数设置只有在非阻塞的过程中有显著的作用,在阻塞的函数调用中作用不大):
BOOL bConditinalAccept = TRUE;
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_CONDITIONAL_ACCEPT, (const char*)&bConditinalAccept, sizeof(BOOL) );
9. 如果在发送数据的过程中(send没有完成,还有数据没发送)而调用了closesocket,以前我们一般采取的措施是"从容关闭"shutdown(s,SD_BOTH),但是数据是肯定丢失了,如何设置让程序满足具体应用的要求(即让没发完的数据发送出去后在关闭socket)?
struct linger
{
u_short l_onoff;
u_short l_linger;
};
linger m_sLinger;
m_sLinger.l_onoff = 1; //(在closesocket()调用,但是还有数据没发送完毕的时候容许逗留)
//如果m_sLinger.l_onoff=0;则功能和2.)作用相同;
m_sLinger.l_linger = 5; //(容许逗留的时间为5秒)
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (const char*)&m_sLinger, sizeof(linger) );
NOTE:
1. 在设置了逗留延时,用于一个非阻塞的socket是作用不大的,最好不用
2. 如果想要程序不经历SO_LINGER需要设置SO_DONTLINGER,或者设置l_onoff = 0
10. 还一个用的比较少的是在SDI或者是Dialog的程序中,可以记录socket的调试信息(前不久做过这个函数的测试,调式信息可以保存,包括socket建立时候的参数,采用的具体协议,以及出错的代码都可以记录下来):
BOOL bDebug = TRUE;
setsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (const char*)&bDebug, sizeof(BOOL) );
11. 附加:往往通过setsockopt设置了缓冲区大小,但还不能满足数据的传输需求,我的习惯是自己写个处理网络缓冲的类,动态分配内存;下面我将这个类写出,希望对初学者有所帮助
#ifndef _NETIOBUFFER_H
#define _NETIOBUFFER_H
//========================================================================
#define MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH 1024*1024
//========================================================================
class CNetIOBuffer
{
public:
CNetIOBuffer( void );
CNetIOBuffer( const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength );
CNetIOBuffer( const CNetIOBuffer& binarySrc );
virtual ~CNetIOBuffer( void );
public:
BOOL CopyData( const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength );
BOOL ConcatData( const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength );
void ResetIoBuffer( void );
int GetLength( void )const;
BOOL SetLength( int nLen );
LPBYTE GetCurPos( void );
int GetRemainLen( void );
BOOL IsEmpty( void )const;
operator LPBYTE( void )const;
const CNetIOBuffer& operator = ( const CNetIOBuffer& buffSrc );
static int GetMaxLength( void )
{
return MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH;
};
protected:
LPBYTE m_pbinData;
int m_nLength;
int m_nTotalLength;
CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs;
void Initvalibers();
};
#endif//_NETIOBUFFER_H
#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "NetIOBuffer.h"
CNetIOBuffer::CNetIOBuffer(void)
{
Initvalibers();
}
CNetIOBuffer::CNetIOBuffer( const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength )
{
Initvalibers();
CopyData( lbbyte, nLength );
}
CNetIOBuffer::CNetIOBuffer( const CNetIOBuffer& binarySrc )
{
Initvalibers();
CopyData( binarySrc, binarySrc.GetLength() );
}
CNetIOBuffer::~CNetIOBuffer(void)
{
if ( m_pbinData )
{
delete[] m_pbinData;
m_pbinData = NULL;
}
DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs);
}
void CNetIOBuffer::Initvalibers( void )
{
m_pbinData = NULL;
m_nLength = 0;
m_nTotalLength = MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH;
m_pbinData = new BYTE[m_nTotalLength];
memset( m_pbinData, 0, m_nTotalLength );
InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
}
void CNetIOBuffer::ResetIoBuffer( void )
{
EnterCriticalSection( &m_cs );
m_nLength = 0;
memset( m_pbinData, 0, m_nTotalLength );
LeaveCriticalSection( &m_cs );
}
BOOL CNetIOBuffer::CopyData( const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength )
{
if ( nLength > MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )
return FALSE;
ResetIoBuffer();
EnterCriticalSection( &m_cs );
memcpy( m_pbinData, lbbyte, nLength );
m_nLength = nLength;
LeaveCriticalSection( &m_cs );
return TRUE;
}
BOOL CNetIOBuffer::ConcatData( const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength )
{
if ( m_nLength + nLength > MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )
return FALSE;
ResetIoBuffer();
EnterCriticalSection( &m_cs );
memcpy( m_pbinData+m_nLength, lbbyte, nLength );
m_nLength += nLength;
LeaveCriticalSection( &m_cs );
return TRUE;
}
int CNetIOBuffer::GetLength( void )const
{
return m_nLength;
}
BOOL CNetIOBuffer::SetLength( int nLen )
{
if ( nLen > MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )
return FALSE;
else
{
EnterCriticalSection( &m_cs );
m_nLength = nLen;
LeaveCriticalSection( &m_cs );
return TRUE;
}
}
LPBYTE CNetIOBuffer::GetCurPos( void )
{
if ( m_nLength < MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )
return (m_pbinData + m_nLength);
else
return NULL;
}
int CNetIOBuffer::GetRemainLen( void )
{
return MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH - m_nLength;
}
BOOL CNetIOBuffer::IsEmpty( void )const
{
return (m_nLength == 0);
}
CNetIOBuffer::operator LPBYTE( void )const
{
return m_pbinData;
}
const CNetIOBuffer& CNetIOBuffer::operator = ( const CNetIOBuffer& buffSrc )
{
if ( this == &buffSrc )
return *this;
else
{
CopyData( buffSrc, buffSrc.GetLength() );
return *this;
}
}