nnCostFunction.m
function [J grad] = nnCostFunction(nn_params, ...
input_layer_size, ...
hidden_layer_size, ...
num_labels, ...
X, y, lambda)
%NNCOSTFUNCTION Implements the neural network cost function for a two layer
%neural network which performs classification
% [J grad] = NNCOSTFUNCTON(nn_params, hidden_layer_size, num_labels, ...
% X, y, lambda) computes the cost and gradient of the neural network. The
% parameters for the neural network are "unrolled" into the vector
% nn_params and need to be converted back into the weight matrices.
%
% The returned parameter grad should be a "unrolled" vector of the
% partial derivatives of the neural network.
%
% Reshape nn_params back into the parameters Theta1 and Theta2, the weight matrices
% for our 2 layer neural network
Theta1 = reshape(nn_params(1:hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1)), ...
hidden_layer_size, (input_layer_size + 1));
Theta2 = reshape(nn_params((1 + (hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1))):end), ...
num_labels, (hidden_layer_size + 1));
% Setup some useful variables
m = size(X, 1);
% You need to return the following variables correctly
J = 0;
Theta1_grad = zeros(size(Theta1));
Theta2_grad = zeros(size(Theta2));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: You should complete the code by working through the
% following parts.
%
% Part 1: Feedforward the neural network and return the cost in the
% variable J. After implementing Part 1, you can verify that your
% cost function computation is correct by verifying the cost
% computed in ex4.m
%
% Part 2: Implement the backpropagation algorithm to compute the gradients
% Theta1_grad and Theta2_grad. You should return the partial derivatives of
% the cost function with respect to Theta1 and Theta2 in Theta1_grad and
% Theta2_grad, respectively. After implementing Part 2, you can check
% that your implementation is correct by running checkNNGradients
%
% Note: The vector y passed into the function is a vector of labels
% containing values from 1..K. You need to map this vector into a
% binary vector of 1's and 0's to be used with the neural network
% cost function.
%
% Hint: We recommend implementing backpropagation using a for-loop
% over the training examples if you are implementing it for the
% first time.
%
% Part 3: Implement regularization with the cost function and gradients.
%
% Hint: You can implement this around the code for
% backpropagation. That is, you can compute the gradients for
% the regularization separately and then add them to Theta1_grad
% and Theta2_grad from Part 2.
%
%计算J值
X = [ones(m,1) X];
for i = 1:m, %m为训练样本数,利用for遍历
z2 = Theta1 * X(i,:)'; %对第i个训练样本正向传播得到输出h(x),即为a3
a2 = sigmoid(z2);
a2 = [1; a2];
z3 = Theta2 * a2;
a3 = sigmoid(z3);
J = J + sum(log(1 - a3)) + log(a3(y(i,:))) - log(1 - a3(y(i,:))); %由于输出为10维向量,而y的值是1-10的数字,所以可以用y的值指示a3那些元素加,哪些不加
end %a3(y(i,:))及指示训练样本对应的a3的元素
J = -1/m * J;
temp = 0;
for i = 1:hidden_layer_size, %对Theta1除了第一列(与偏置神经元对应的那列)元素的平方求和
for j = 2:(input_layer_size + 1),
temp = temp + Theta1(i,j)^2;
end
end
for i = 1:num_labels, %对Theta2除了第一列(与偏置神经元对应的那列)元素的平方求和
for j = 2:(hidden_layer_size + 1),
temp = temp + Theta2(i,j)^2;
end
end
J = J + lambda/(2*m)*temp;
%利用反向传播法求取偏导数值,实际上这个循环可以和计算J值得循环合为一个,为了代码清晰,所以分开写了
delta3 = zeros(num_labels,1); %反向传播,输出层的误差
delta2 = zeros(size(Theta1)); %反向传播,隐藏层的误差;输入层不计算误差
for i = 1:m, %m为训练样本数,利用for遍历
a1 = X(i,:)';
z2 = Theta1 * a1; %对第i个训练样本正向传播得到输出h(x),即为a3
a2 = sigmoid(z2);
a2 = [1; a2];
z3 = Theta2 * a2;
a3 = sigmoid(z3);
delta3 = a3; %反向传播,计算得偏导数
delta3(y(i,:)) = delta3(y(i,:)) - 1;
delta2 = Theta2' * delta3 .*[1;sigmoidGradient(z2)];
delta2 = delta2(2:end);
Theta2_grad = Theta2_grad + delta3 * a2';
Theta1_grad = Theta1_grad + delta2 * a1';
end
Theta2_grad = 1/m * Theta2_grad + lambda/m * Theta2; %正则化,修正梯度值
Theta2_grad(:,1) = Theta2_grad(:,1) - lambda/m * Theta2(:,1); %由于不惩罚偏执单元对应的列,所以把他减掉
Theta1_grad = 1/m * Theta1_grad + lambda/m * Theta1; %同理修改Theta1_grad
Theta1_grad(:,1) = Theta1_grad(:,1) - lambda/m * Theta1(:,1);
% -------------------------------------------------------------
% =========================================================================
% Unroll gradients
grad = [Theta1_grad(:) ; Theta2_grad(:)];
end
sigmoidGradient.m
function g = sigmoidGradient(z)
%SIGMOIDGRADIENT returns the gradient of the sigmoid function
%evaluated at z
% g = SIGMOIDGRADIENT(z) computes the gradient of the sigmoid function
% evaluated at z. This should work regardless if z is a matrix or a
% vector. In particular, if z is a vector or matrix, you should return
% the gradient for each element.
g = zeros(size(z));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the gradient of the sigmoid function evaluated at
% each value of z (z can be a matrix, vector or scalar).
g = sigmoid(z).*(1-sigmoid(z));
% =============================================================
end