AsyncTask是Android开发中非常好用的一个异步任务处理类,以下基于Android API 24分析其源码:
1、首先我们看AsyncTask中执行任务最终使用的的线程池THREAD_POOL_EXCUTOR
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
static {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
}
在静态代码块中对这个线程池进行了初始化,AsyncTask所有的任务最重都会使用这个线程池来执行。
2、再看另外一个非常重要的线程池SerialExecutor,他继承了Excutor接口,实现了一个串行执行的线程池,保证任务的串行执行(事实上在Adnroid3.0以前是AsyncTask是并行执行的)。SeriralExecutor使用static final修饰,确保其单例性。
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
可以发现,串行线程池最终还是调用了并行的线程池THREAD_POOL_EXECUTE进行处理。
3、我们最常使用的execute方法,只不过进一步调用了executeOnExecutor方法,并传入串行线程池
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
executeOnExecutor方法首先检查改任务的状态,如果为正在执行和已经完成的状态则抛出异常。然后执行onPreExecute方法,最终使用串行线程池执行在构造函数中已经构造好的futruetask对象,从而执行doInBackground方法,不要着急,以下继续讲解构造函数。
另外,通过这段代码,也就知道了怎样使AsyncTask并行执行任务了吧,没错,就是将execute方法替换为:executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,null);
4、AsyncTask的构造函数
public AsyncTask() {
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
return postResult(result);
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
使用了Callable和FutureTask两个类来进行任务的调度(如对这两个类不了解,请先自行了解)。执行了doInBackground方法后,最终都将调用PostResult方法。
5、最终都将执行postResult方法
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
postResult(result);
}
}
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
postResult方法将使用AsyncTask中另外一个十分重要的对象InternalHandler,这是一个主线程的Handler,目的是把doInBackground中产生的消息(进度以及完成),传递到主线程中运行。
6、InternalHandler类负责将doInBackground方法中的消息传递到主线程中执行
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
可以看到它只是负责两类信息,一类是完成信息,将把结果传递给onPostExecute方法;另一类是进度信息,将进度传递给onProgressUpdate方法(通过调用publicProgress方法)。
至此完成整个过程。