AsyncTask 源码解析

AsyncTask是Android开发中非常好用的一个异步任务处理类，以下基于Android API 24分析其源码：

1、首先我们看AsyncTask中执行任务最终使用的的线程池THREAD_POOL_EXCUTOR

    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

    static {
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
        threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
        THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
    }

在静态代码块中对这个线程池进行了初始化，AsyncTask所有的任务最重都会使用这个线程池来执行。

2、再看另外一个非常重要的线程池SerialExecutor，他继承了Excutor接口，实现了一个串行执行的线程池，保证任务的串行执行（事实上在Adnroid3.0以前是AsyncTask是并行执行的）。SeriralExecutor使用static final修饰，确保其单例性。

    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;

    private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

可以发现，串行线程池最终还是调用了并行的线程池THREAD_POOL_EXECUTE进行处理。

3、我们最常使用的execute方法，只不过进一步调用了executeOnExecutor方法，并传入串行线程池

    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

executeOnExecutor方法首先检查改任务的状态，如果为正在执行和已经完成的状态则抛出异常。然后执行onPreExecute方法，最终使用串行线程池执行在构造函数中已经构造好的futruetask对象，从而执行doInBackground方法，不要着急，以下继续讲解构造函数。

另外，通过这段代码，也就知道了怎样使AsyncTask并行执行任务了吧，没错，就是将execute方法替换为：executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,null);

4、AsyncTask的构造函数

    public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                return postResult(result);
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

使用了Callable和FutureTask两个类来进行任务的调度（如对这两个类不了解，请先自行了解）。执行了doInBackground方法后，最终都将调用PostResult方法。

5、最终都将执行postResult方法

   private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

postResult方法将使用AsyncTask中另外一个十分重要的对象InternalHandler，这是一个主线程的Handler，目的是把doInBackground中产生的消息（进度以及完成），传递到主线程中运行。

6、InternalHandler类负责将doInBackground方法中的消息传递到主线程中执行

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
        if (!isCancelled()) {
            getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        }
    }

可以看到它只是负责两类信息，一类是完成信息，将把结果传递给onPostExecute方法；另一类是进度信息，将进度传递给onProgressUpdate方法（通过调用publicProgress方法）。

至此完成整个过程。