java nio socket简单示例

1、说明

java nio底层基于Reactor模型，采用多路复用IO模型，由一个专门的线程来处理所有的 IO 事件，并负责分发。基于事件驱动机制能够在事件到的时触发，而不是同步的去监视事件。 线程之间的通讯是通过 wait、notify等方式通讯，保证每次上下文切换都是有意义的，减少无谓的线程切换。

服务端和客户端各自维护一个管理通道的对象selector，其能检测一个或多个通道 (channel) 上的事件。例如：如果服务端selector上注册了读事件，某时刻客户端给服务端发送了一些数据（阻塞I/O这时会调用read()方法阻塞地读取数据），NIO的服务端会在selector中添加一个读事件，服务端的处理线程会轮询地访问selector，如果访问selector时发现有感兴趣的事件到达，则处理这些事件，如果没有感兴趣的事件到达，则处理线程会一直阻塞直到收到感兴趣的事件到达为止。

示例代码如下所示。希望对你有所帮助。

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2、服务器端代码实现

package nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class NioServer {
    private Selector selector;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        NioServer server = new NioServer();
        server.initServer(8098);
        server.listener();
    }

    public void initServer(int port) throws IOException {
        ServerSocketChannel channel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        channel.configureBlocking(false);
        channel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        this.selector = Selector.open();
        channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        System.err.println();
    }

    public void listener() throws IOException {
        while (true) {
            selector.select();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = this.selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            System.err.println("server size: " + this.selector.selectedKeys().size());
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
                iterator.remove();
                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                   accept(key);
                } else if (key.isReadable()) {
                    read(key);
                } else if(key.isWritable()){
                    write(key);
                } 
            }
        }
    }

    private void accept(SelectionKey key) {
         try {
            ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
             SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
             channel.configureBlocking(false);
             channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(new String("I am server, I send a msg").getBytes()));
             channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        } catch (ClosedChannelException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void write(SelectionKey key) {
        try {
            SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            String str = new String("server send msg to client...");
            channel.configureBlocking(false);
            channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes()));
            System.err.println("服务器write: " + str);
            channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void read(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        channel.configureBlocking(false);
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
        channel.read(buffer);
        byte[] array = buffer.array();
        String msg = new String(array).trim();
        System.err.println("服务器read: " + msg);
        channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);

    }
}

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3、客户端代码实现

package nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class NioClient {
    // 通道管理器
    private Selector selector;
    private volatile int count = 0;


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        NioClient client = new NioClient();
        client.init("127.0.0.1", 8098);
        client.listen();
    }

    public void init(String ip, int port) throws IOException {
        // 获得一个Socket通道
        SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open();
        // 设置通道为非阻塞
        channel.configureBlocking(false);
        // 获得一个通道管理器
        this.selector = Selector.open();
        // 客户端连接服务器,其实方法执行并没有实现连接
        channel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port));
        // 将通道管理器和该通道绑定，并为该通道注册SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT事件。
        channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
    }

    public void listen() throws IOException {
        // 轮询访问selector
        while (true) {
            //阻塞直到有事件
            selector.select();
            // 获得selector中选中的项的迭代器
            Iterator ite = this.selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            while (ite.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey) ite.next();
                // 删除已选的key
                ite.remove();
                // 连接事件发生
                if (key.isConnectable()) {
                    connect(key);
                } else if (key.isReadable()) {
                    read(key);
                }else if(key.isWritable()) {
                    write(key);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void write(SelectionKey key) {
        try {
            SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            channel.configureBlocking(false);
            String str = new String("server send msg to client...");
            channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes()));
            System.err.println("客户端write: " + str +  "  " +count++);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void connect(SelectionKey key) {
        try {
            SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            System.err.println("client size: " + this.selector.selectedKeys().size());
            // 如果正在连接，则完成连接
            if (channel.isConnectionPending()) {
                channel.finishConnect();
            }
            // 设置成非阻塞
            channel.configureBlocking(false);
            // 在这里可以给服务端发送信息哦
            channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(new String("I am client, I am send a request to server...").getBytes()));
            // 在和服务端连接成功之后，为了可以接收到服务端的信息，需要给通道设置读的权限。
            channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            System.err.println("客户端connect： " +count++);
        } catch (ClosedChannelException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 处理读取服务端发来的信息 的事件
s    */
    public void read(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        channel.configureBlocking(false);
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
        channel.read(buffer);
        byte[] array = buffer.array();
        String msg = new String(array).trim();
        System.err.println("客户端read: " + msg + "  " +count++);
        channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
    }

}

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