每天学一点设计模式-装饰者模式

装饰者模式

英文名

Decorator Pattern

定义

动态地将责任附加到对象上，若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案

原则

1.类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭

2.这是第一个符合【开放关闭】原则的模式

理解

1.要运用装饰者，首先要找到定义被装饰者装饰的组件,定义为抽象类，意为抽象接口。

2.定义一个装饰者组件，也定义为抽象类。意为装饰者的抽象组件，但要继承之前定义的抽象接口。

3.为抽象接口实现具体组件。

4.实现具体的装饰者，每一次实现都要传入抽象接口对象。这样方便装饰者调用被装饰者的方法。

5.组件和装饰者的关系为1：N

代码

组件抽象接口（被装饰者）

public abstract class Beverage {
	String description = "Unknow Beverage";
	
	public String getDescription(){
		return description;
	}
	
	public abstract double cost();
}

装饰者抽象接口

public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {

	public abstract String getDescription();

}

组件具体实现类

public class DarkRoast extends Beverage {

	public DarkRoast(){
		description = "Dark Roast";
	}
	@Override
	public double cost() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return 1.11;
	}

}

public class Decat extends Beverage {

	/* (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see com.sprd.pattern.decorator.Beverage#cost()
	 */
	@Override
	public double cost() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return 2.3;
	}

}

public class Espresso extends Beverage {
	public Espresso() {
		description = "House Blend Coffee";
	}

	@Override
	public double cost() {
		return 1.99;
	}

}

public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
	public HouseBlend() {
		description = "House Blend";
	}

	@Override
	public double cost() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return .89;
	}

}

装饰者具体实现

public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
	Beverage beverage;

	public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
		this.beverage = beverage;
	}

	@Override
	public String getDescription() {
		return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
	}

	
	@Override
	public double cost() {
		return 0.2 + beverage.cost();
	}

}

public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {
	Beverage beverage;
	public Soy(Beverage beverage){
		this.beverage = beverage;
	}

	@Override
	public String getDescription() {
		return beverage.getDescription() + ",Soy";
	}

	@Override
	public double cost() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return .3 + beverage.cost();
	}

}

public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {
	Beverage beverage;

	public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
		this.beverage = beverage;
	}

	@Override
	public String getDescription() {
		return beverage.getDescription() + ",Whip";
	}

	@Override
	public double cost() {
		return .2 + beverage.cost();
	}

}

测试程序

public class StarBuzzCoffee {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//点一杯浓缩咖啡,什么都不加
		Beverage espresso = new Espresso();
		System.out.println(String.format("%s & %s", espresso.getDescription(),espresso.cost()));
		//点一杯深焙咖啡
		Beverage darkRoast = new DarkRoast();
		//加摩卡
		darkRoast = new Mocha(darkRoast);
		//双倍摩卡
		darkRoast = new Mocha(darkRoast);
		//加奶泡
		darkRoast = new Whip(darkRoast);
		
		System.out.println(String.format("%s & %s", darkRoast.getDescription(),darkRoast.cost()));
		
		Beverage houseBlend = new HouseBlend();
		//加豆浆
		houseBlend = new Soy(houseBlend);
		//加摩卡
		houseBlend = new Mocha(houseBlend);
		//加奶泡
		houseBlend = new Whip(houseBlend);
		System.out.println(String.format("%s & %.2f", houseBlend.getDescription(),houseBlend.cost()));
	}

}

输出结果

House Blend Coffee & 1.99
Dark Roast, Mocha, Mocha,Whip & 1.71
House Blend,Soy, Mocha,Whip & 1.59