元元模型(Meta Object Facility)的个人理解

本文介绍了元模型和元元模型的概念,从信息层、模型层、元模型层到元元模型层的层次结构。元模型是对模型层的抽象,用于统一模型描述,而元元模型则定义元模型的结构和语义,进一步抽象。以UML为例,它作为元模型,用元元模型定义其语法,用于构建软件系统模型。
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典型的元模型结构可以描述为:信息层,模型层,元模型层和元元模型层.
1.信息层(information layer)
        信息是由我们希望描述的数据组成,这些数据通常是用户数据,主要职责是描述信息领域中的详细信息.在数据层用元数据进行对这些用户数据的描述.元数据即为关于数据的数据.即对业务数据的一次抽象(通常的表现形式是一些概念性的,抽象的名字,如单据,操作人等).
2.模型层(model layer)
       模型层由元数据组成,元数据的集合被称为模型.模型层的主要职责是为描述信息层而定义的一种"抽象语言"(即没有具体语法或符号的语言,一般用嘴能进行描述,但不规范)。信息层的数据,即用户数据,是模型层的一个实例。可以理解为一个模型对应的是一个业务系统,只是比现实中运行的业务系统更加抽象一些,但一般情况下人们都能够理解这样的模型,但这种模型的构建不标准,不统一,不同的业务系统会有不同的业务模型,其表现形式也不尽相同,比如有些用文档进行描述,有些用视频进行描述,有些通过画图进行描述,等等.
3.元模型层(metamodel layer)
        元模型层是由元元数据组成(元元数据的实例),元元数据定义了元模型的结构和语义,这些元元数据的实例化集合被称作为元模型(即元模型是一个语法体系,是关于元元数据结构实例化后的语法体系)。元模型层的主要职责是为了描述模型层而定义的一种"抽象语言",是对模型层的进一步抽象。也就是说,模型层描述的内容通常要比元模型层描述的内容丰富、详细。一个模型是元模型的一个实例(因为在元模型的定义下,是可以画出模型的,所以说模型层是元模型层的一个实例,也就是说可以通过元模型的语法规则画出很多的模型,根据不同的应用场景)。
4.元元模型层(meta-metamodel layer)
        元元模型层是由元元数据的结构和语义的描述组成,这层的主要职责是为了描述元模型而定义的一种"抽象语言"。元元
Ontology Definition Metamodel V1.1.pdf There are several compliance points distinguished for the Ontology Definition Metamodel. These include: 1. None or Not Compliant, meaning that the application in question is not compliant with a particular metamodel, as defined by the metamodel itself, the abstract syntax, well-formedness rules, semantics, and notation specified for a particular package or set of packages. 2. Compliant, meaning that the implementation fully complies with the abstract syntax, well-formedness rules, semantics and notation of a particular package or set of packages. 3. Interchange, indicating that the implementation provides compliance as specified in [2], and can exchange metamodel instances using ODM package conformant XMI. There are several possible entry points for implementations that want to provide/claim minimal compliance with the ODM. These require compliance with one of the following base metamodel packages: • RDFBase Metamodel Package (RDFBase is a sub package of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Metamodel Package). • Topic Maps (TM) Metamodel Package. • Common Logic (CL) Metamodel Package. For a given implementation to claim ODM compliance, it must be Compliant, as defined in 2, above, with one of these three packages. There are several compliance options available to vendors for the RDF Metamodel Package. These include: • RDFBase Only - as implied above, this package contains the set of elements requ ired for core RDF support, such as is necessary to support a triple store implementation; the focu s here is on the set of constructs defined in the RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax [RDF Concepts] document. • RDFBase + RDFWeb - provides core RDF support and fits these concepts to the World Wide Web. • RDFBase + RDFS - moves the implementation focus from core RDF to RDF Schema, as specified in [RDF Schema]. • RDF - meaning, the implementation supports all of the concepts defined in the three sub packages, which represents RDF Schema fitted to the Web. There are two possible compliance points for the OWL Metamodel Package. Each of these requires support for the entire RDF package, including the RDFWeb component. They include: • OWLBase + OWLDL - focus is on a description logics application that constrains an ontology in turn for DL decidability. • OWLBase + OWLFull - focus is on more expressive applications rather than on decidability of entailment. The complete set of ODM compliance options is summarized in Table 2.1.
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