Windows编程基础--第3节 初探MFC

1. 前言
   win32程序属于早期windows软件，已经逐渐被淘汰，但它的设计模式和方法大部分都被MFC所继承，并且MFC开始使用C++语言进行开发，借助C++比C语言的强大特性，使得开发windws程序更加简便、高效，更加多元化。

2. 创建第一个MFC程序（操作系统：win10 64位 IDE：vc++ 6.0）
   1) 执行File->new，选择Project选项卡，选择下面的MFC AppWizard，填写项目名称等，如图：
   
   2）点击 OK 按钮进入下一页，我们先选择简单的Dialog based，然后->NEXT ，第三页进行是否选择MFC静态库还是共享库等选择，这里我们不作修改，直接点击Finish，完成创建；
   

   3）现在可以尝试编译，运行打开默认的Dialog界面
   
   4)现在我们往刚才创建的Dialog中添加一些资源控件，如下图：
   
   注意：ListCtrl属性中Stytle->View选择Report
   5）
   接下来我们来实现底部三个按钮的方法：
   添加按钮

 void CDay02Dlg::OnAdd() 
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    CString szNumb,szName,szSala;
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NUMB,szNumb);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NAME,szName);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_SALA,szSala);
    CListCtrl *pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    int nCount = pList->GetItemCount();
    pList->InsertItem(nCount,szNumb);
    pList->SetItemText(nCount,1,szName);
    pList->SetItemText(nCount,2,szSala);
}

先通过GetDlgItemText方法获取顶部三个Edit输入的参数值，并分别赋值给szNumb,szName,szSala;
接下来通过GetDlgItem取得ListCtrl的操作句柄，获取ListCtrl当前总数，在末尾添加一个Iten，并赋值；

删除按钮

void CDay02Dlg::OnDel() 
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    CListCtrl *pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    int nSel = pList->GetSelectionMark();
    if(nSel < 0)
    {
        AfxMessageBox("请先选择要删除的员工");
        return;
    }
    pList->DeleteItem(nSel);
}

获取ListCtrl的操作句柄后获取到当前选的行数，最后删除改行；

修改按钮：

void CDay02Dlg::OnMod() 
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    CListCtrl *pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    int nSel = pList->GetSelectionMark();
    if(nSel < 0)
    {
        AfxMessageBox("请先选择要修改的员工");
        return;

    }   
    CString szNumb,szName,szSala;
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NUMB,szNumb);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NAME,szName);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_SALA,szSala);
    pList->SetItemText(nSel,0,szNumb);
    pList->SetItemText(nSel,1,szName);
    pList->SetItemText(nSel,2,szSala);

}

先通过GetDlgItemText方法获取顶部三个Edit输入的参数值，并分别赋值给szNumb,szName,szSala;
接下来通过GetDlgItem取得ListCtrl的操作句柄，获取ListCtrl当前选择行数，将获取的szNumb,szName,szSala分别赋值给当前Item的对应位置；

函数原型如下：
BOOL SetItemText( int nItem, int nSubItem, LPTSTR lpszText );用于MFC设置CListCtrl控件中的列表项内容。

int GetDlgItemText( int nID, CString& rString)
nID 指定了要获取其标题的控件的整数标识符。 lpStr 指向要接收控件的标题或文本的缓冲区。 nMaxCount 指定了要拷贝到lpStr的字符串的最大长度（以字节为单位）。如果字符串比nMaxCount要长，它将被截断。 rString 对一个CString对象的引用。

3.最终效果图

4. day02.cpp 源码

    // day02Dlg.cpp : implementation file
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "day02.h"
#include "day02Dlg.h"

#ifdef _DEBUG
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CAboutDlg dialog used for App About

class CAboutDlg : public CDialog
{
public:
    CAboutDlg();

// Dialog Data
    //{{AFX_DATA(CAboutDlg)
    enum { IDD = IDD_ABOUTBOX };
    //}}AFX_DATA

    // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
    //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CAboutDlg)
    protected:
    virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX);    // DDX/DDV support
    //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

// Implementation
protected:
    //{{AFX_MSG(CAboutDlg)
    //}}AFX_MSG
    DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};

CAboutDlg::CAboutDlg() : CDialog(CAboutDlg::IDD)
{
    //{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CAboutDlg)
    //}}AFX_DATA_INIT
}

void CAboutDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{
    CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
    //{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CAboutDlg)
    //}}AFX_DATA_MAP
}

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CAboutDlg, CDialog)
    //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CAboutDlg)
        // No message handlers
    //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CDay02Dlg dialog

CDay02Dlg::CDay02Dlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)
    : CDialog(CDay02Dlg::IDD, pParent)
{
    //{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CDay02Dlg)
        // NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization here
    //}}AFX_DATA_INIT
    // Note that LoadIcon does not require a subsequent DestroyIcon in Win32
    m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
}

void CDay02Dlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{
    CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
    //{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CDay02Dlg)
        // NOTE: the ClassWizard will add DDX and DDV calls here
    //}}AFX_DATA_MAP
}

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CDay02Dlg, CDialog)
    //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CDay02Dlg)
    ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND()
    ON_WM_PAINT()
    ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()
    ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BUTTON4, OnButtonOK)
    ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_ADD, OnAdd)
    ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_DEL, OnDel)
    ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_MOD, OnMod)
    //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CDay02Dlg message handlers

BOOL CDay02Dlg::OnInitDialog()
{
    CDialog::OnInitDialog();

    CListCtrl *pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    pList->InsertColumn(0,"学号",0,100);
    pList->InsertColumn(1,"姓名",0,100);
    pList->InsertColumn(2,"工资",0,100);

    // Add "About..." menu item to system menu.

    // IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range.
    ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX);
    ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000);

    CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE);
    if (pSysMenu != NULL)
    {
        CString strAboutMenu;
        strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX);
        if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty())
        {
            pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR);
            pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu);
        }
    }

    // Set the icon for this dialog.  The framework does this automatically
    //  when the application's main window is not a dialog
    SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE);         // Set big icon
    SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE);        // Set small icon

    // TODO: Add extra initialization here

    return TRUE;  // return TRUE  unless you set the focus to a control
}

void CDay02Dlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)
{
    if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX)
    {
        CAboutDlg dlgAbout;
        dlgAbout.DoModal();
    }
    else
    {
        CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);
    }
}

// If you add a minimize button to your dialog, you will need the code below
//  to draw the icon.  For MFC applications using the document/view model,
//  this is automatically done for you by the framework.

void CDay02Dlg::OnPaint() 
{
    if (IsIconic())
    {
        CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting

        SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) dc.GetSafeHdc(), 0);

        // Center icon in client rectangle
        int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
        int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
        CRect rect;
        GetClientRect(&rect);
        int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;
        int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;

        // Draw the icon
        dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);
    }
    else
    {
        CDialog::OnPaint();
    }
}

// The system calls this to obtain the cursor to display while the user drags
//  the minimized window.
HCURSOR CDay02Dlg::OnQueryDragIcon()
{
    return (HCURSOR) m_hIcon;
}

void CDay02Dlg::OnButtonOK() 
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here

}

void CDay02Dlg::OnAdd() 
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    CString szNumb,szName,szSala;
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NUMB,szNumb);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NAME,szName);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_SALA,szSala);
    CListCtrl *pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    int nCount = pList->GetItemCount();
    pList->InsertItem(nCount,szNumb);
    pList->SetItemText(nCount,1,szName);
    pList->SetItemText(nCount,2,szSala);
}

void CDay02Dlg::OnDel() 
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    CListCtrl *pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    int nSel = pList->GetSelectionMark();
    if(nSel < 0)
    {
        AfxMessageBox("请先选择要删除的员工");
        return;

    }
    pList->DeleteItem(nSel);


}

void CDay02Dlg::OnMod() 
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    CListCtrl *pList = (CListCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST);
    int nSel = pList->GetSelectionMark();
    if(nSel < 0)
    {
        AfxMessageBox("请先选择要修改的员工");
        return;

    }   
    CString szNumb,szName,szSala;
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NUMB,szNumb);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_NAME,szName);
    GetDlgItemText(IDC_SALA,szSala);
    pList->SetItemText(nSel,0,szNumb);
    pList->SetItemText(nSel,1,szName);
    pList->SetItemText(nSel,2,szSala);

}

项目源码可以访问我的码云来fork：

https://gitee.com/AmuUncle/MFC_CSDN.git