pandas的数据结构－Series

要是用pandas，你首先得了解它的两个主要数据结构：Series和DataFrame，这里我将简单介绍一下Series
Series，Python，pandas

• 导入相关库

>>> from pandas import Series, DataFrame
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> import numpy as np

• Series是一种类似于数组的对象，它由一组数据以及一组与之相关的数据标签（即索引）组成

>>> x=[1,2,np.nan,7,9]
>>> obj=Series(x)
>>> obj
0    1.0
1    2.0
2    NaN
3    7.0
4    9.0
dtype: float64

• 我们可以查看Series的索引和值，也可以指定数据索引

>>> obj.values
array([  1.,   2.,  nan,   7.,   9.])
>>> obj.index
RangeIndex(start=0, stop=5, step=1)
>>> obj2=Series(x,index=list('bacde'))
>>> obj2
b    1.0
a    2.0
c    NaN
d    7.0
e    9.0
dtype: float64

• 与numpy的多维数组相比，你可以通过索引的方式选取Series中的单一或一组值

>>> obj2['b']
1.0
>>> obj2[list('abc')]
a    2.0
b    1.0
c    NaN
dtype: float64

• 一些数学运算操作及其他操作

>>> obj2[obj2>4]
d    7.0
e    9.0
dtype: float64
>>> obj2*2#未改变原数据
b     2.0
a     4.0
c     NaN
d    14.0
e    18.0
dtype: float64
>>> np.exp(obj2)#e^x，并未改变原数据
b       2.718282
a       7.389056
c            NaN
d    1096.633158
e    8103.083928
dtype: float64
>>> 'd' in obj2
True
>>> 9.0 in obj2
False

• 通过字典创建Series

>>> family={'jun':51,'aiqin':49,'dan':23,'hao':21,'lianying':84}
>>> obj3=Series(family)
>>> obj3
aiqin       49
dan         23
hao         21
jun         51
lianying    84
dtype: int64
######
>>> people=['lianying','aiqin','jun','dan','wang']
>>> obj4=Series(family,index=people)
>>> obj4
lianying    84.0
aiqin       49.0
jun         51.0
dan         23.0
wang         NaN#family找不到people里'wang'对应的值，所以其结果为NaN（即‘非数字’）
dtype: float64

• 用pandas的isnull和notnull检测确实数据

>>> pd.isnull(obj4)
lianying    False
aiqin       False
jun         False
dan         False
wang         True
dtype: bool
>>> pd.notnull(obj4)
lianying     True
aiqin        True
jun          True
dan          True
wang        False
dtype: bool

• Series对象本身及索引都有一个NAME属性

>>> obj4.index.name='name'
>>> obj4.name='WANG FAMILY'
>>> obj4
name
lianying    84.0
aiqin       49.0
jun         51.0
dan         23.0
wang         NaN
Name: WANG FAMILY, dtype: float64