c++primer读书笔记（6）

第十章的总结：
1.如果可以通过初始化，也可以通过赋值来设置对象的值，应采取初始化，通常效率会更高。
2.在函数声明后面加上const，可以确保不能在函数内更改属性值。
3.用户自己定义的数据类型，包含了数据的封装和函数
4.数据是私有的，方法是共用的。
5.构造函数在创建对象或者显式调用构造函数的时候调用，析构函数在对象过期被注销的时候调用。
代码练习：
6.没有参数或者所有的参数都有默认值的构造函数就是默认构造函数，不需要显式调用。可以声明对象而不初始化它，还可以声明数组。
7.this就是指向类对象自身的指针，在对象内可以使用，*this就是类对象的地址。
详细内容见

//stock00.h
#ifndef _STOCK00_H_
#define _STOCK00_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Stock
{
public:
    Stock();
    ~Stock();
    Stock(const string & co, long n, double pr);
    void buy(long num, double price);
    void sell(long num, double price);
    void update(double price);
    void show() const;
    const Stock & topval(const Stock & s) const;

private:
    string company;
    long shares;
    double share_val;
    double total_val;
    void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val; }
};

#endif

//stock00.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "stock00.h"

#include<string>
using namespace std;

Stock::Stock()
{
    company = "no name";
    shares = 0;
    share_val = 0.0;
    total_val = 0.0;
}

Stock::~Stock()
{
    cout << "by by" << endl;
}

Stock::Stock(const string & co,long n,double pr)
{
    company = co;

    if (n < 0)
    {
        cout << "Number of shares can't be negative;"
            << company << "shares set to 0.\n";
        shares = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        shares = n;
    }
    share_val = pr;
    set_tot();

}

void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
    if (num < 0)
    {
        cout << "Number of shares puchased can't be negative. "
            << "transaction is aborted.\n";
    }
    else
    {
        shares += num;
        share_val = price;
        set_tot();
    }
}

void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
    if (num < 0)
    {
        cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. "
            << "transaction is aborted.\n";

    }
    else if (num > shares)
    {
        cout << "You can't sell more than you have! "
            << "Transaction is aborted.\n";

    }
    else
    {
        shares -= num;
        share_val = price;
        set_tot();
    }
}

void Stock::update(double price)
{
    share_val = price;
    set_tot();
}


const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock & s) const
{
    if (s.total_val > total_val)
    {
        return s;
    }
    else
    {
        return *this;
    }
}

void Stock::show() const
{
    cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
    cout.precision(3);
    cout << "Company: " << company
        << " Shares: " << shares << endl;
    cout << " Share Price: $ " << share_val
        << " Total Worth: $ " << total_val << endl;

}

//main.cpp
const int STKS = 4;
int main()
{
    Stock stocks[STKS] =
    {
        Stock("NamoSmart",12,20.0),
        Stock("Boffo Objects",200,2.0),
        Stock("Monolthic",130,3.25),
        Stock("Fleep Enterprises",60,6.5)

    };
    cout << "Stock holdings:" << endl;
    int st;
    for (st = 0;  st < STKS; st++)
    {
        stocks[st].show();
    }
    const Stock *top = &stocks[0];
    for (st = 1; st < STKS; st++)
    {
        top = &top->topval(stocks[st]);
    }
    cout << "\nMost valuable valuable holding:\n";
    top->show();

    return 0;

}

代码2：

#ifndef _TEST_H_
#define _TEST_H_    

class Test
{
public:
    Test();
    Test(const char *name);
    Test(const Test & other);
    Test & operator=(const Test & other);

    ~Test();

    void show();

private:
    char *name_;

};


#endif

//test.cpp
#include "Test.h"
#include <iostream>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)
using namespace std;

Test::Test()
{

}

Test::Test(const char *name)
{
    cout << "Test 1" << endl;
    int len = strlen(name);
    name_ = new char(len);
    memset(name_, 0, len);

    strcpy(name_, name);

}

Test::Test(const Test & other)
{
    cout << "Test 2" << endl;
    int len = strlen(other.name_) + 1;
    name_ = new char(len);

    memset(name_, 0, len);
    strcpy(name_, other.name_);
}



Test::~Test()
{
    //delete name_;
    cout << "delete name_ " << endl;
}

Test & Test::operator=(const Test & other)
{
    cout << "Test = operator" << endl;
    if (this == &other)
    {
        return *this;
    }

    int len = strlen(other.name_) + 1;

    name_ = new char(len);
    memset(name_, 0, len);
    strcpy(name_, other.name_);

    return *this;
}
void Test::show()
{
    cout << "Name: " << name_ << endl;
}


//main.cpp
#include "Test.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    //Test p("wang");
    Test p1;
    p1 = "hello";
    p1.show();
    return 0;
}

代码码3 实现stack的类

#ifndef _STACK_H_
#define _STACK_H_

typedef unsigned long Item;

class Stack
{
public:
    Stack();
    bool isempty() const;
    bool isfull() const;
    bool push(const Item & item);
    bool pop(Item & item);
private:
    enum{MAX = 10};
    Item items[MAX];
    int top;

};
#endif

#include "Stack.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Stack::Stack()
{
    top = -1;
}


bool Stack::isempty() const
{

    return top == -1;

}

bool Stack::isfull() const
{
    return top == MAX - 1;
}

bool Stack::push(const Item & item)
{
    if(isfull() == true)
    {

        cout <<"stack is full!" << endl;
        return false;
    }
    top++;
    items[top] = item;
    return true;

}

bool Stack::pop(Item & item)
{
    if(isempty() == true)
    {
        cout <<" stack is empty" << endl;
        return false;
    }
    item =items[top--];
    return true;
}

//main.cpp

include “Stack.h”

include

include

using namespace std;

int main()
{
Stack st;
char ch;
unsigned long po;
cout <<”Please enter A to add a purchase order” << endl;
cout <<”P to process a PO,or Q to quit” << endl;

while(cin >> ch && toupper(ch) != 'Q')
{
    while(cin.get() != '\n')
    {
        continue;
    }
    if(!isalpha(ch))
    {
        cout << '\a';
        continue;
    }
    switch(ch)
    {
        case 'A':
        case 'a':
        {
            cout << "Entera PO number to add: ";
            cin >> po;
            st.push(po);
            break;
        }
        case 'P':
        case 'p':
        {
            if(st.pop(po) == true)
            {
                cout << "PO #" << po << "popped " << endl;
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    cout << "Please enterA to add purchase order\n"
        << "P to process a PO, or Q to quit." << endl;
}

cout << "Bye" << endl;


return 0;

}