Hibernate关联映射之一对一双向关联映射

1、基于外键的一对一双向关联映射

方法一：使用Annotation实现

（1）建立Husband类和Wife类

package com.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;

@Entity
public class Husband {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Wife wife;
	@Id
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@OneToOne
	public Wife getWife() {
		return wife;
	}
	public void setWife(Wife wife) {
		this.wife = wife;
	}
	
}

package com.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;

@Entity
public class Wife {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Husband husband;

	@Id
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="wife")
	public Husband getHusband() {
		return husband;
	}
	public void setHusband(Husband husband) {
		this.husband = husband;
	}

}

（2）设置Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 连接的数据库驱动 -->
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<!-- 连接的数据库的url -->
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
		<!-- 连接的数据库的用户名-->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<!-- 连接的数据库的密码 -->
		<property name="connection.password"></property>
		<!-- 配置Hibernate数据库方言 -->
		<property name="Dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<!-- 输出执行的SQL语句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 启动时撤销并重新创建数据库的模式-->
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
		
		<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
		
		<mapping class="com.model.Husband"/>
		<mapping class="com.model.Wife"/>
	</session-factory>	
</hibernate-configuration>

（3）建立测试类，此处使用Junit4进行测试，仅仅测试一对一映射如何建表即可。

package com.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

public class ORMappingTest {

	@Test
	public void test() {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
		cfg.configure();
		ServiceRegistry  sr = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry(); 
		SessionFactory  sf = cfg.buildSessionFactory(sr);
		Session s = sf.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
		
		tx.commit();
		sf.close();
	}

}

（4）运行测试类，查看后台输出的建表SQL语句。

Hibernate: 
    create table Husband (
        id integer not null,
        name varchar(255),
        wife_id integer,
        primary key (id)
    )
Hibernate: 
    create table Wife (
        id integer not null,
        name varchar(255),
        primary key (id)
    )
Hibernate: 
    alter table Husband 
        add index FKAEEA401B9608626C (wife_id), 
        add constraint FKAEEA401B9608626C 
        foreign key (wife_id) 
        references Wife (id)

-----------在双向关联中, 有且仅有一端是作为主体(owner)端存在的：主体端负责维护联接列(即更新). 对于不需要维护这种关系的从表则通过mappedBy属性进行声明.mappedBy的值指向主体的关联属性. 在上面这个例子中,mappedBy的值为wife. 最后,不必也不能再在被关联端Wife定义联接列（husband_id）了,因为已经在主体端进行了声明.

-----------若在Wife类中没有声明mappedBy="wife"，则在表Wife中也会生成一个外键husband_id，测试结果为：

Hibernate: 
    create table Husband (
        id integer not null,
        name varchar(255),
        wife_id integer,
        primary key (id)
    )
Hibernate: 
    create table Wife (
        id integer not null,
        name varchar(255),
        husband_id integer,
        primary key (id)
    )
Hibernate: 
    alter table Husband 
        add index FKAEEA401B9608626C (wife_id), 
        add constraint FKAEEA401B9608626C 
        foreign key (wife_id) 
        references Wife (id)
Hibernate: 
    alter table Wife 
        add index FK292331C3BF3448 (husband_id), 
        add constraint FK292331C3BF3448 
        foreign key (husband_id) 
        references Husband (id)

--------------------双向关联必设mappedBy-------------------------

方法二：使用映射文件hbm.xml实现：

（1）建立Husband类和Wife类，在方法一的基础上去掉@注解即可。

（2）建立映射文件Husband.hbm.xml和Wife.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.model">
    <class name="Husband">
    		<id name="id">
    			<generator class="native"></generator>
    		</id>
            <property name="name" />   
			<many-to-one name="wife" column="wife_id" unique="true"></many-to-one>
    </class>  
</hibernate-mapping>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.model">
    <class name="Wife">
    		<id name="id">
    			<generator class="native"></generator>
    		</id>
            <property name="name" />  
            <one-to-one name="husband" property-ref="wife"></one-to-one>
    </class>  
</hibernate-mapping>

（3）设置Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.cml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 连接的数据库驱动 -->
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<!-- 连接的数据库的url -->
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
		<!-- 连接的数据库的用户名-->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<!-- 连接的数据库的密码 -->
		<property name="connection.password"></property>
		<!-- 配置Hibernate数据库方言 -->
		<property name="Dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<!-- 输出执行的SQL语句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 启动时撤销并重新创建数据库的模式-->
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
		
		<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
	
		<mapping resource="com/model/Husband.hbm.xml"/> 
		<mapping resource="com/model/Wife.hbm.xml"/> 	
		
	</session-factory>	
</hibernate-configuration>

（4）运行方法一的测试类，得到相同的测试结果。

2、基于主键的一对一双向关联映射，实际项目中很少应用，这里就不再介绍。

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Annotation方法可参考hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA\doc\reference\zh_cn\html\index.html，使用映射文件方法可参考hibernate-release-4.1.2.Final\documentation\manual\en-US\html\index.html。