实例1 单向映射
-----------此实例为多对多(Teacher——Student)单向关联映射,即老师教多个学生,但学生不知道自己被哪些个老师教------------
方法一:使用Annotation实现
(1)建立Teacher类和Student类
package com.model;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
@Entity
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();
@Id
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@ManyToMany
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
}
package com.model;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
(2)设置Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 连接的数据库驱动 -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<!-- 连接的数据库的url -->
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
<!-- 连接的数据库的用户名-->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<!-- 连接的数据库的密码 -->
<property name="connection.password"></property>
<!-- 配置Hibernate数据库方言 -->
<property name="Dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 输出执行的SQL语句 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 启动时撤销并重新创建数据库的模式-->
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<mapping class="com.model.Teacher"/>
<mapping class="com.model.Student"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
(3)建立测试类,此处使用Junit4进行测试,仅仅测试一对一映射如何建表即可。
package com.test;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
public class ORMappingTest {
@Test
public void test() {
Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
cfg.configure();
ServiceRegistry sr = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
SessionFactory sf = cfg.buildSessionFactory(sr);
Session s = sf.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
tx.commit();
sf.close();
}
}
(4)运行测试类,查看后台输出的建表SQL语句。
Hibernate:
create table Student (
id integer not null auto_increment,
name varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
Hibernate:
create table Teacher (
id integer not null,
name varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
Hibernate:
create table Teacher_Student (
Teacher_id integer not null,
students_id integer not null,
primary key (Teacher_id, students_id)
)
Hibernate:
alter table Teacher_Student
add index FK55FA429EFD4517CB (students_id),
add constraint FK55FA429EFD4517CB
foreign key (students_id)
references Student (id)
Hibernate:
alter table Teacher_Student
add index FK55FA429E43F43EE8 (Teacher_id),
add constraint FK55FA429E43F43EE8
foreign key (Teacher_id)
references Teacher (id)
------------从测试结果我们可以看到,系统自动生成中间表Teacher_Student,其外键字段为Teacher_id, students_id。自动生成的外键字段不太符合习惯标准,我们可以另外自己设置中间表表名和外键字段名。
例如:在Teacher类中设置
@ManyToMany
@JoinTable(name="t_s",
joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="teacher_id")},
inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="student_id")}
)
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
运行测试类,查看后台输出的建表SQL语句为:
Hibernate:
create table Student (
id integer not null auto_increment,
name varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
Hibernate:
create table Teacher (
id integer not null,
name varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
Hibernate:
create table t_s (
teacher_id integer not null,
student_id integer not null,
primary key (teacher_id, student_id)
)
Hibernate:
alter table t_s
add index FK1BF6843F43EE8 (teacher_id),
add constraint FK1BF6843F43EE8
foreign key (teacher_id)
references Teacher (id)
Hibernate:
alter table t_s
add index FK1BF683358F448 (student_id),
add constraint FK1BF683358F448
foreign key (student_id)
references Student (id)
方法二:使用映射文件hbm.xml实现:
(1)建立Teacher类和Student类,在方法一的基础上去掉@注解即可。
(2)建立映射文件Teacher.hbm.xml和Student.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.model">
<class name="Teacher">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" />
<set name="students" table="teacher_student">
<key column="teacher_id"></key>
<many-to-many class="Student" column="student_id"></many-to-many>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.model">
<class name="Student">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
(3)设置Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.cml的映射文件
<mapping resource="com/model/Teacher.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>
(4)运行方法一的测试类,得到相同的测试结果:
Hibernate:
create table Student (
id integer not null auto_increment,
name varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
Hibernate:
create table Teacher (
id integer not null auto_increment,
name varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
Hibernate:
create table teacher_student (
teacher_id integer not null,
student_id integer not null,
primary key (teacher_id, student_id)
)
Hibernate:
alter table teacher_student
add index FK2E2EF2DE43F43EE8 (teacher_id),
add constraint FK2E2EF2DE43F43EE8
foreign key (teacher_id)
references Teacher (id)
Hibernate:
alter table teacher_student
add index FK2E2EF2DE3358F448 (student_id),
add constraint FK2E2EF2DE3358F448
foreign key (student_id)
references Student (id)
实例2 双向映射
-----------此实例为多对多(Teacher——Student)双向关联映射,即老师知道自己教哪些学生,学生也知道教自己的有哪些老师------------
方法一:使用Annotation实现
在单向关联映射实例的方法一中仅仅设置Student类,其他保持不变,得到相同的测试结果。
package com.model;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
@Entity
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Teacher> teachers = new HashSet<Teacher>();
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@ManyToMany(mappedBy="students")
public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() {
return teachers;
}
public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers) {
this.teachers = teachers;
}
}
方法二:使用映射文件hbm.xml实现:
在单向关联映射实例的方法二中仅仅设置Student.hbm.xml,其他保持不变,得到相同的测试结果。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.model">
<class name="Student">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" />
<set name="teachers" table="teacher_student">
<key column="student_id"></key>
<many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"></many-to-many>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
----------------特别注意的是Student.hbm.xml的设置要和Teacher.hbm.xml中的设置相互对应,Teacher.hbm.xml中设置为:
<class name="Teacher">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" />
<set name="students" table="teacher_student">
<key column="teacher_id"></key>
<many-to-many class="Student" column="student_id"></many-to-many>
</set>
</class>