linux下如何模拟按键输入和模拟鼠标

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最新推荐文章于 2023-12-13 12:45:42 发布

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原地址：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23381466-id-3883164.html

driver: linux下如何模拟按键输入和模拟鼠标 2013-09-04 09:02:18

分类： LINUX

概述：
查看/dev/input/eventX是什么类型的事件， cat /proc/bus/input/devices

设备有着自己特殊的按键键码，我需要将一些标准的按键，比如0－9，X－Z等模拟成标准按键，比如KEY_0,KEY-Z等，所以需要用到按键模拟，具体方法就是操作/dev/input/event1文件，向它写入个input_event结构体就可以模拟按键的输入了。

input_event 说明：
linux/input.h中有定义，这个文件还定义了标准按键的编码等

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struct input_event {
struct timeval time; //按键时间
__u16 type; //类型，在下面有定义
__u16 code; //要模拟成什么按键
__s32 value;//是按下还是释放
};

code：
事件的代码.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,该代码code为设备键盘代码.代码植0~127为键盘上的按键代码,0x110~0x116 为鼠标上按键代码,其中0x110(BTN_LEFT)为鼠标左键,0x111(BTN_RIGHT)为鼠标右键,0x112(BTN_ MIDDLE)为鼠标中键.其它代码含义请参看include/linux/input.h文件. 如果事件的类型代码是EV_REL,code值表示轨迹的类型.如指示鼠标的X轴方向REL_X(代码为0x00),指示鼠标的Y轴方向REL_Y(代码为0x01),指示鼠标中轮子方向REL_WHEEL(代码为0x08).

type:
EV_KEY,键盘
EV_REL,相对坐标
EV_ABS,绝对坐标

value：
事件的值.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,当按键按下时值为1,松开时值为0; 如果事件的类型代码是EV_ REL,value的正数值和负数值分别代表两个不同方向的值.

/*
* Eventtypes
*/
#defineEV_SYN 0x00
#define EV_KEY 0x01 //按键
#defineEV_REL 0x02 //相对坐标(轨迹球)
#defineEV_ABS 0x03 //绝对坐标
#defineEV_MSC 0x04 //其他
#defineEV_SW 0x05
#defineEV_LED 0x11 //LED
#define EV_SND0x12//声音
#defineEV_REP 0x14//repeat
#defineEV_FF 0x15
#defineEV_PWR 0x16
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)

kernel里input模块

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//input_dev结构:
struct input_dev
{
void *private;
const char *name;
const char *phys;
const char *uniq;
struct input_id id;
/*
* 根据各种输入信号的类型来建立类型为unsigned long 的数组,
* 数组的每1bit代表一种信号类型,
* 内核中会对其进行置位或清位操作来表示时间的发生和被处理.
*/
unsigned long evbit[NBITS(EV_MAX)];
unsigned long keybit[NBITS(KEY_MAX)];
unsigned long relbit[NBITS(REL_MAX)];
unsigned long absbit[NBITS(ABS_MAX)];
unsigned long mscbit[NBITS(MSC_MAX)];
unsigned long ledbit[NBITS(LED_MAX)];
unsigned long sndbit[NBITS(SND_MAX)];
unsigned long ffbit[NBITS(FF_MAX)];
unsigned long swbit[NBITS(SW_MAX)];
.........................................
};
/**
* input_set_capability - mark device as capable of a certain event
* @dev: device that is capable of emitting or accepting event
* @type: type of the event (EV_KEY, EV_REL, etc...)
* @code: event code
*
* In addition to setting up corresponding bit in appropriate capability
* bitmap the function also adjusts dev->evbit.
*/
/* 记录本设备对于哪些事件感兴趣(对其进行处理)*/
void input_set_capability(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code)
{
switch (type)
{
case EV_KEY:
__set_bit(code, dev->keybit);//比如按键,应该对哪些键值的按键进行处理(对于其它按键不予理睬)
break;
case EV_REL:
__set_bit(code, dev->relbit);
break;
case EV_ABS:
__set_bit(code, dev->absbit);
break;
case EV_MSC:
__set_bit(code, dev->mscbit);
break;
case EV_SW:
__set_bit(code, dev->swbit);
break;
case EV_LED:
__set_bit(code, dev->ledbit);
break;
case EV_SND:
__set_bit(code, dev->sndbit);
break;
case EV_FF:
__set_bit(code, dev->ffbit);
break;
default:
printk(KERN_ERR
"input_set_capability: unknown type %u (code %u)\n",
type, code);
dump_stack();
return;
}
__set_bit(type, dev->evbit);//感觉和前面重复了(前面一经配置过一次了)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_set_capability);
static irqreturn_t gpio_keys_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
int i;
struct platform_device *pdev = dev_id;
struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
struct input_dev *input = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++)
{
struct gpio_keys_button *button = &pdata->buttons[i];
int gpio = button->gpio;
if (irq == gpio_to_irq(gpio)) //判断哪个键被按了?
{
unsigned int type = button->type ? : EV_KEY;
int state = (gpio_get_value(gpio) ? 1 : 0) ^ button->active_low;//记录按键状态
input_event(input, type, button->code, !!state);//汇报输入事件
input_sync(input);//等待输入事件处理完成
}
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
/*
* input_event() - report new input event
* @dev: device that generated the event
* @type: type of the event
* @code: event code
* @value: value of the event
*
* This function should be used by drivers implementing various input devices
* See also input_inject_event()
*/
void input_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
struct input_handle *handle;
if (type > EV_MAX || !test_bit(type, dev->evbit))//首先判断该事件类型是否有效且为该设备所接受
return;
add_input_randomness(type, code, value);
switch (type)
{
case EV_SYN:
switch (code)
{
case SYN_CONFIG:
if (dev->event)
dev->event(dev, type, code, value);
break;
case SYN_REPORT:
if (dev->sync)
return;
dev->sync = 1;
break;
}
break;
case EV_KEY:
/*
* 这里需要满足几个条件:
* 1: 键值有效(不超出定义的键值的有效范围)
* 2: 键值为设备所能接受(属于该设备所拥有的键值范围)
* 3: 按键状态改变了
*/
if (code > KEY_MAX || !test_bit(code, dev->keybit) || !!test_bit(code, dev->key) == value)
return;
if (value == 2)
break;
change_bit(code, dev->key);//改变对应按键的状态
/* 如果你希望按键未释放的时候不断汇报按键事件的话需要以下这个(在简单的gpio_keys驱动中不需要这个,暂时不去分析) */
if (test_bit(EV_REP, dev->evbit) && dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] && dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && dev->timer.data && value)
{
dev->repeat_key = code;
mod_timer(&dev->timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(dev->rep[REP_DELAY]));
}
break;
........................................................
if (type != EV_SYN)
dev->sync = 0;
if (dev->grab)
dev->grab->handler->event(dev->grab, type, code, value);
else
/*
* 循环调用所有处理该设备的handle(event,mouse,ts,joy等),
* 如果有进程打开了这些handle(进行读写),则调用其对应的event接口向气汇报该输入事件.
*/
list_for_each_entry(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node)
if (handle->open)
handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_event);
//event层对于input层报告的这个键盘输入事件的处理:
//drivers / input / evdev.c:
static struct input_handler evdev_handler =
{
.event = evdev_event,
.connect = evdev_connect,
.disconnect = evdev_disconnect,
.fops = &evdev_fops,
.minor = EVDEV_MINOR_BASE,
.name = "evdev",
.id_table = evdev_ids,
};

Linux 有自己的 input 子系统，可以统一管理鼠标和键盘事件。基于输入子系统实现的 uinput 可以方便的在用户空间模拟鼠标和键盘事件。
当然，也可以自己造轮子，做一个字符设备接收用户输入，根据输入，投递 input 事件。
还有一种方式就是直接往 evnent 里写入数据，都可以达到控制鼠标键盘的功能。

本篇文章就是演示直接写入 event 的方法。

1。模拟按键输入

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//其中0表示释放，1按键按下，2表示一直按下
//0 for EV_KEY for release, 1 for keypress and 2 for autorepeat.
void simulate_key(int fd, int value)
{
struct input_event event;
event.type = EV_KEY;
//event.code = KEY_0;//要模拟成什么按键
event.value = value;//是按下还是释放按键或者重复
gettimeofday(&event.time, 0);
if(write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) < 0)
{
dprintk("simulate key error~~~\n");
return ;
}
}

2。模拟鼠标输入（轨迹球）

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void simulate_mouse(int fd, char buf[4])
{
int rel_x, rel_y;
static struct input_event event, ev;
//buf[0],buf[2],小于0则为左移，大于0则为右移
//buf[1],buf[3],小于0则为下移，大于0则为上移
dprintk("MOUSE TOUCH: x1=%d,y1=%d,x2=%d,y2=%d\n", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3]);
rel_x = (buf[0] + buf[2]) / 2;
rel_y = -(buf[1] + buf[3]) / 2; //和我们的鼠标是相反的方向，所以取反
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_X;
event.value = rel_x;
gettimeofday(&event.time, 0);
if( write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) != sizeof(event))
dprintk("rel_x error~~~:%s\n", strerror(errno));
event.code = REL_Y;
event.value = rel_y;
gettimeofday(&event.time, 0);
if( write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) != sizeof(event))
dprintk("rel_y error~~~:%s\n", strerror(errno));
//一定要刷新空的
write(fd, &ev, sizeof(ev));
}

鼠标和键盘文件打开方法：

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int fd_kbd; // /dev/input/event1
int fd_mouse; //dev/input/mouse2
fd_kbd = open("/dev/input/event1", O_RDWR);
if(fd_kbd <= 0)
{
printf("error open keyboard:%s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
fd_mouse = open("/dev/input/event3", O_RDWR); //如果不行的话，那试试/dev/input/mice
if(fd_mouse <= 0)
{
printf("error open mouse:%s\n", strerror(errno));
return -2;
}

/dev/input/mice是鼠标的抽象，代表的是鼠标，也许是/dev/input/mouse,/dev/input/mouse1，或者空，这个文件一直会存在。这里你也许会问，我怎么知道/dev/input/eventX这些事件到底是什么事件阿，是鼠标还是键盘或者别的， eventX代表的是所有输入设备(input核心)的事件，比如按键按下，或者鼠标移动，或者游戏遥控器等等，在系统查看的方法是 cat /proc/bus/input/devices 就可以看到每个eventX是什么设备的事件了。

下面是一个模拟鼠标和键盘输入的例子：
关于这里 open 哪个 event ，可以通过 cat /proc/bus/input/devices

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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/uinput.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void simulate_key(int fd, int kval)
{
struct input_event event;
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.value = 1;
event.code = kval;
gettimeofday(&event.time, 0);
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) ;
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = kval;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}
void simulate_mouse(int fd)
{
struct input_event event;
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_X;
event.value = 10;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_Y;
event.value = 10;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}
int main()
{
int fd_kbd;
int fd_mouse;
fd_kbd = open("/dev/input/event1", O_RDWR);
if(fd_kbd <= 0)
{
printf("error open keyboard:\n");
return -1;
}
fd_mouse = open("/dev/input/event2", O_RDWR);
if(fd_mouse <= 0)
{
printf("error open mouse\n");
return -2;
}
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
simulate_key(fd_kbd, KEY_A + i);
simulate_mouse(fd_mouse);
sleep(1);
}
close(fd_kbd);
}

下面是一个读取鼠标和键盘事件的例子：

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
static void show_event(struct input_event* event)
{
printf("%d %d %d\n", event->type, event->code, event->value);
return;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
struct input_event event = {{0}, 0};
const char* file_name = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : "/dev/input/event2";
int fd = open(file_name, O_RDWR);
if(fd > 0)
{
while(1)
{
int ret = read(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
if(ret == sizeof(event))
{
show_event(&event);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
close(fd);
}
return 0;
}

很多人对于如何模拟 CTRL + SPACE 感兴趣，下面也给个例子，呵呵。

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void simulate_ctrl_space(int fd)
{
struct input_event event;
//先发送一个 CTRL 按下去的事件。
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.value = 1;
event.code = KEY_LEFTCTRL;
gettimeofday(&event.time, 0);
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) ;
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
//先发送一个 SPACE 按下去的事件。
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.value = 1;
event.code = KEY_SPACE;
gettimeofday(&event.time, 0);
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) ;
//发送一个释放 SPACE 的事件
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = KEY_SPACE;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
//发送一个释放 CTRL 的事件
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = KEY_LEFTCTRL;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}

浅析linux中鼠标数据读取

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//我们就是去读/dev/input/mice设备节点,源码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <string.h>
/* Mouse button bits*/
#define WHEEL_UP 0x10
#define WHEEL_DOWN 0x08
#define BUTTON_L 0x04
#define BUTTON_M 0x02
#define BUTTON_R 0x01
#define SCALE 3 /* default scaling factor for acceleration */
#define THRESH 5 /* default threshhold for acceleration */
static int xpos; /* current x position of mouse */
static int ypos; /* current y position of mouse */
static int minx; /* minimum allowed x position */
static int maxx; /* maximum allowed x position */
static int miny; /* minimum allowed y position */
static int maxy; /* maximum allowed y position */
static int buttons; /* current state of buttons */
static int scale = SCALE; /* acceleration scale factor */
static int thresh = THRESH;/* acceleration threshhold */
static int mouse_update(int dx, int dy, int dz);
static int IMPS2_Read (int *dx, int *dy, int *dz, int *bp);
static void mouse_setposition (int newx, int newy);
static void mouse_setrange (int newminx, int newminy, int newmaxx, int newmaxy);
int mouse_fd;
int main(void)
{
int dx, dy, dz;
static unsigned char imps2_param [] = {243, 200, 243, 100, 243, 80}; //,242};
// 来自vnc4的xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/input/mouse/mouse.c==>PROT_IMPS2
const char *mdev = "/dev/input/mice";
mouse_fd = open (mdev, O_RDWR); // | O_NONBLOCK);
if (mouse_fd < 0)
{
printf("[luther.gliethttp]: RW error [please use root user]: %s\n", mdev);
mouse_fd = open (mdev, O_RDONLY); // | O_NONBLOCK);
if (mouse_fd < 0)
return -1;
}
else
{
write (mouse_fd, imps2_param, sizeof (imps2_param)); // 初始化序列, 这样可以读取4个字节数据
// 0x80用来表示滚轮向上还是向下滚动
// 0xa0表示滚轮向上滚动的同时中键按下
printf("[luther.gliethttp]: imps2_param ok!\n");
}
mouse_setrange(0, 0, 1024, 768);
for (;;)
{
IMPS2_Read(&dx, &dy, &dz, &buttons);
mouse_update(dx, dy, dz);
mouse_setposition(xpos, ypos);
printf("[%04d,%04d,0x%04x]\n", xpos, ypos, buttons);
}
return 0;
}
static int IMPS2_Read (int *dx, int *dy, int *dz, int *bp)
{
static unsigned char buf[5];
static int buttons[7] = { 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0}; // 1左键,2中键,3右键
static int nbytes;
int n;
while ((n = read (mouse_fd, &buf [nbytes], 4 - nbytes)))
{
if (n < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
else
return -1;
}
nbytes += n;
if (nbytes == 4)
{
int wheel;
// printf("[luther.gliethttp]: %02x %02x %02x %02x\n", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3]);
if ((buf[0] & 0xc0) != 0)
{
buf[0] = buf[1];
buf[1] = buf[2];
buf[2] = buf[3];
nbytes = 3;
return -1;
}
/* FORM XFree86 4.0.1 */
*bp = buttons[(buf[0] & 0x07)];
*dx = (buf[0] & 0x10) ? buf[1] - 256 : buf[1];
*dy = (buf[0] & 0x20) ? -(buf[2] - 256) : -buf[2];
/* Is a wheel event? */
if ((wheel = buf[3]) != 0)
{
if(wheel > 0x7f)
{
*bp |= WHEEL_UP;
}
else
{
*bp |= WHEEL_DOWN;
}
}
*dz = 0;
nbytes = 0;
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
static int mouse_update(int dx, int dy, int dz)
{
int r;
int sign;
sign = 1;
if (dx < 0)
{
sign = -1;
dx = -dx;
}
if (dx > thresh)
dx = thresh + (dx - thresh) * scale;
dx *= sign;
xpos += dx;
if( xpos < minx )
xpos = minx;
if( xpos > maxx )
xpos = maxx;
sign = 1;
if (dy < 0)
{
sign = -1;
dy = -dy;
}
if (dy > thresh)
dy = thresh + (dy - thresh) * scale;
dy *= sign;
ypos += dy;
if ( ypos < miny )
ypos = miny;
if ( ypos > maxy )
ypos = maxy;
return 1;
}
static void mouse_setposition (int newx, int newy)
{
if (newx < minx)
newx = minx;
if (newx > maxx)
newx = maxx;
if (newy < miny)
newy = miny;
if (newy > maxy)
newy = maxy;
if (newx == xpos && newy == ypos)
return;
xpos = newx;
ypos = newy;
}
static void mouse_setrange (int newminx, int newminy, int newmaxx, int newmaxy)
{
minx = newminx;
miny = newminy;
maxx = newmaxx;
maxy = newmaxy;
mouse_setposition ((newminx + newmaxx) / 2, (newminy + newmaxy) / 2);
}
static int mouse_getbutton (void)
{
return buttons;
}
static void mouse_getxy (int* x, int* y)
{
*x = xpos;
*y = ypos;
}

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linux下如何模拟按键输入和模拟鼠标

原地址：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23381466-id-3883164.htmldriver: linux下如何模拟按键输入和模拟鼠标2013-09-04 09:02:18 分类： LINUX概述：查看/dev/input/eventX是什么类型的事件， cat /proc/bus/input/devices设备有着自
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