LESSON 2 BASIC COMMANDS IN LINUX AND WINDOWS (LINUX 和 WINDOWS的基本命令) part I

Table of Contents
2.1. Introduction and Objectives
2.2. Requirements and Setup
2.2.1 Requirements

2.2.2 Setup
2.3. System Operation: WINDOWS
2.3.1 How to open an MS-DOS window
2.3.2 Commands and tools (Windows)

2.4. System Operations: Linux
2.4.1 How to open a console window

2.4.2 Commands and tools (Linux)

2.5. Exercises
2.5.1 Exercises in Windows
2.5.2 Exercises in Linux
2.5.3 Exercise 3

 

目录：

2.1  简介和学习目标

2.2  要求和装置

2.2.1  要求

2.2.2  装置

2.3     操作系统：WINDOWS

2.3.1  如何打开MS-DOS 窗口

2.3.2  命令和工具（Windows）

2.4     操作系统：Linux

2.4.1  如何打开控制台窗口

2.4.2  命令和工具（Linux）

2.5     练习

2.5.1  Windows相关练习

2.5.2  Linux相关练习

2.5.3  练习3

 

 

2.1. Introduction and Objectives
This lesson introduces commands and basic tools for both Windows and Linux operating
systems so that you can become familiar with them. These commands will be used to
complete the exercises in the following lessons
At the end of this lesson, you should know the following commands:
 General Windows and Linux commands
 Basic network commands and tools
- ping
- tracert
- netstat
- ipconfig
- route

2.1  简介和学习目标

这一节介绍Windows和Linux操作系统的命令和基本工具，并熟悉这些命令和工具。这些指令在后面几节的练习

题中会用到。

   学完这节后，你要熟悉了解下面指令：

   一般Windows和Linux指令

   基本网络指令和工具

-ping（因特网包探索器）

-tracert（路径跟踪程序）

-netstat（查看网络数据结构）

-ipconfig（微软视窗操作系统中的一个系统命令，用于查看本机的IP信息）

-route（路由）

 

2.2. Requirements and Setup
2.2.1 Requirements
For the lesson, the following are needed:
- a PC with Windows 98/Me/2000/NT/XP/2003
- a PC with Linux Suse/Debian/Knoppix
- access to the Internet.

 

2.2  要求和装置

2.2.1  要求

   学习这一节，需要准备下列东西：

-装有Windows 98/Me/2000/NT/XP/2003的个人电脑。

-装有Linux Suse/Debian/Knoppix的个人电脑。

-能联网。

 

2.2.2 Setup

This is the setup in which you are going to work. It consists of your PC, with access
to the Internet, and the ISECOM Hacker Highschool network, which you will
access through the Internet. This is the network against which you will make most
of the tests.
Note that access to the ISECOM test network is restricted. In order to gain access
to it, your instructor must contact the sytem administrator, as detailed on the
www.hackerhighschool.org web site.

 

2.2.2  装置

这是所需要的装置，由你的能联网的个人电脑，ISECOM 黑客高中网络-通过英特网连接。你需要通过

这个网站做进行测试。

连ISECOM 测试网站是有受限的。为了能连接，需要联系系统管理员，详细信息参照www.hackerhighschool.org

 

2.3. System Operation: WINDOWS
Most of the tools used for the study of networks are internal commands in the
Windows operating system. Therefore, we are going to explain how to open a
command window when the Windows operating system is being used.

 

2.3  操作系统：WINDOWS

网络学习所需的大部分工具都是Windows操作系统的内部命令。因此，我们将讲解如何在Windows

操作系统上打开命令窗口。

 

2.3.1 How to open an MS-DOS window
To issue the following commands, it is necessary to open a command prompt (an
MS-DOS window). The procedure for this is the same for all versions of Windows.
1.- Click the START button
2.- Choose the RUN option
3.- Type “command” if you are using Windows 95/98 or “cmd” for all other versions
of Windows and press Enter or click OK.
4.- A window similar to the following one will appear:

   
5.- Now the commands and tools listed below can be entered.

 2.3.1  如何打开一个MS-DOS 窗口

    要验证下面的命令，我们要打开命令操作符（一个MS-DOS 窗口）。Windows的任何版本打开该窗口的

步骤均一样。

1. -点击开始菜单

2. -选择运行

3. -Windows 95/98 输入“command”，其他版本输入“cmd”，点击确定

4. -会出现下面这个窗口

5. -现在可以输入下面表格中的命令和工具。