python与c语言交互---学习012

1.C语言是结构化编程语言，Python是面向对象的语言，Python调用C语言，没有问题。但是，反过来则不行，不许C调用Python。

使用Python/C API中的PyImport_Import()函数可以在C程序中导入Python模块。

分析：先引用模块（PyImport_ImportModule），

然后获取模块中的函数（PyObject_GetAttrString），

对c传入python 的参数做类型转换（Py_BuildValue("(s)","hello_python")），

最后直接调用函数并传递参数（PyEval_CallObject）。

#include "/usr/include/python2.5/Python.h"

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int arg,char **argv){
    PyObject *modelname,*model,*dict,*func,*args;
    char *name="os";//模块名
   
    //初始化Python
    Py_Initialize();
    if (!Py_IsInitialized()){
        printf("初始化失败\n");
        return -1;
    }
   
    //直接运行Python语句
    PyRun_SimpleString("print '初始化成功'");
   
    //导入Python模块
    modelname=PyString_FromString(name);
    model=PyImport_Import(modelname);
   
    if (model){
        printf("Load model ok\n");
    }
    else{
        printf("Model %s not found!\n",name);
        return -1;
    }
   
    dict=PyModule_GetDict(model);
   
    if(!dict){
        printf("获取字典失败\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else{
        printf("获取字典成功\n");   
    }
   
    //从模块中找到“System”函数
    func=PyDict_GetItemString(dict,"system");
   
    if(!func || !PyCallable_Check(func)){
        printf("函数无效\n");
        return -1;   
    }
   
    args=PyTuple_New(1);
   
    PyTuple_SetItem(args,0,Py_BuildValue("s","ls"));//l＝long，s＝string...
   
    //调用函数
    PyObject_CallObject(func,args);
   
    Py_DECREF(modelname);
    Py_DECREF(model);
    Py_DECREF(func);
    Py_DECREF(args);
    Py_DECREF(dict);
    //垃圾回收
    Py_Finalize();
    return 0;
}

------------------------------------------------------------------------我是分割线-------------------------------------------------------
call.py

def  test():
     print   ' hello world '


def  add(a,b):
     return  a  +  b

api.py

import io

def load_test():
    fp = open('call.py','r')
    buffer = ''
    if fp:
        buffer = fp.read()
    fp.close()
    return buffer

cpp代码:

#include  < stdio.h >
#include  < stdlib.h >
#include  < Python.h >

int  main( int  argc,  char   * argv[])
{
    Py_Initialize();  
     if ( ! Py_IsInitialized())   
    {  
         return   - 1 ;  
    }  
    
    PyRun_SimpleString( " import sys " );
    PyRun_SimpleString( " sys.path.append('./') " );
    PyObject *  pName;
    PyObject *  pModule;
    PyObject *  pDict;
    PyObject *  pFunc;
    
    pName  =  PyString_FromString( " api " );
    pModule  =  PyImport_Import(pName);
     if ( ! pModule)
    {
        printf( " can't find call.py " );
        getchar();
         return   - 1 ;
    }
    
    pDict  =  PyModule_GetDict(pModule);
     if ( ! pDict)
    {
         return   - 1 ;
    }
    
    {
        pFunc  =  PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, " load_test " );
         if ( ! pFunc  ||   ! PyCallable_Check(pFunc))
        {
            printf( " can't find function [test] " );
            getchar();
             return   - 1 ;
        }
        
        PyObject  * pFn  =  PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, 0 );
         char *  buffer  =  PyString_AsString(pFn);
        printf( " %s\n " ,buffer);
        
        PyObject *  o  =  Py_CompileString(buffer, " none " ,Py_file_input);
        PyObject *  m  =  PyImport_ExecCodeModule( " a.a " ,o);
        PyObject *  d  =  PyModule_GetDict(m);
        pFunc  =  PyDict_GetItemString(d, " add " );
         if ( ! pFunc  ||   ! PyCallable_Check(pFunc))
        {
            printf( " can't find function [add] " );
            getchar();
             return   - 1 ;
        }
        
        PyObject *  args  =  PyTuple_New( 2 );
        PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0 ,Py_BuildValue( " l " , 3 ));
        PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1 ,Py_BuildValue( " l " , 4 ));
        PyObject  * pAdded  =  PyObject_CallObject(pFunc,args);
         int  ret  =  PyInt_AsLong(pAdded);  
        printf( " add value:%d\n " ,ret);    
    }
 
    Py_Finalize();    
    system( " PAUSE " );    
     return   0 ;
}

这段代码和上一篇有点区别
主要区别是从从内存载入python模块然后调用函数
主要部分是这块:

     PyObject* o = Py_CompileString(buffer,"none",Py_file_input);
        PyObject* m = PyImport_ExecCodeModule("a.a",o);
        PyObject* d = PyModule_GetDict(m);

buffer是python源码字符串

在python2.7中执行正常

编译：

gcc -o ./python_c_function ./python_c_function.c  -I/usr/include/python2.6   -L/usr/lib/python2.6 -lpython 

[root@localhost c_python]# ./python_c_function
def test():
    print 'hello world'


def add(a,b):
    return a + b

add value:7