apply | Apply Functions Over Array Margins 对阵列行或者列使用函数 | apply(X, MARGIN, FUN, ...) |
lapply | Apply a Function over a List or Vector 对列表或者向量使用函数 | lapply(X, FUN, ...) |
sapply | Apply a Function over a List or Vector 对列表或者向量使用函数 | sapply(X, FUN, ..., simplify = TRUE, USE.NAMES = TRUE) |
vapply | Apply a Function over a List or Vector 对列表或者向量使用函数 | vapply(X, FUN, FUN.VALUE, ..., USE.NAMES = TRUE) |
tapply | Apply a Function Over a Ragged Array 对不规则阵列使用函数 | tapply(X, INDEX, FUN = NULL, ..., simplify = TRUE) |
eapply | Apply a Function Over Values in an Environment 对环境中的值使用函数 | eapply(env, FUN, ..., all.names = FALSE, USE.NAMES = TRUE) |
mapply | Apply a Function to Multiple List or Vector Arguments 对多个列表或者向量参数使用函数 | mapply(FUN, ..., MoreArgs = NULL, SIMPLIFY = TRUE, USE.NAMES = TRUE) |
rapply | Recursively Apply a Function to a List 运用函数递归产生列表 | rapply(object, f, classes = "ANY", deflt = NULL,how = c("unlist", "replace", "list"), ...) |
apply {base}
通过对数组或者矩阵的一个维度使用函数生成值得列表或者数组、向量。
apply(X, MARGIN, FUN, ...)
X 阵列,包括矩阵
MARGIN
例:
>xxx<-matrix(1:20,ncol=4)
>apply(xxx,1,mean)
[1]
>apply(xxx,2,mean)
[1]
>xxx
[1,]
[2,]
[3,]
[4,]
[5,]
lapply {base}
通过对x的每一个元素运用函数,生成一个与元素个数相同的值列表
lapply(X, FUN, ...)
X表示一个向量或者表达式对象,其余对象将被通过as.list强制转换为list
例:
> x <- list(a = 1:10, beta = exp(-3:3), logic = c(TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE))
> x
$a
$beta
[1]
[7] 20.08553692
$logic
[1]
> lapply(x,mean)
$a
[1] 5.5
$beta
[1] 4.535125
$logic
[1] 0.5
sapply {base}
这是一个用户友好版本,是lapply函数的包装版。该函数返回值为向量、矩阵,如果simplify=”array”,且合适的情况下,将会通过simplify2array()函数转换为阵列。sapply(x, f, simplify=FALSE, USE.NAMES=FALSE)返回的值与lapply(x,f)是一致的。
sapply(X, FUN, ..., simplify = TRUE, USE.NAMES = TRUE)
X表示一个向量或者表达式对象,其余对象将被通过as.list强制转换为list
simplify 逻辑值或者字符串,如果可以,结果应该被简化为向量、矩阵或者高维数组。必须是命名的,不能是简写。默认值是TRUE,若合适将会返回一个向量或者矩阵。如果simplify=”array”,结果将返回一个阵列。
USE.NAMES
例:
> sapply(k, paste,USE.NAMES=FALSE,1:5,sep="...")
[1,] "a...1" "b...1" "c...1"
[2,] "a...2" "b...2" "c...2"
[3,] "a...3" "b...3" "c...3"
[4,] "a...4" "b...4" "c...4"
[5,] "a...5" "b...5" "c...5"
> sapply(k, paste,USE.NAMES=TRUE,1:5,sep="...")
[1,] "a...1" "b...1" "c...1"
[2,] "a...2" "b...2" "c...2"
[3,] "a...3" "b...3" "c...3"
[4,] "a...4" "b...4" "c...4"
[5,] "a...5" "b...5" "c...5"
> sapply(k, paste,USE.NAMES=TRUE,1:5,sep="...",simplyfy=TRUE)
[1,] "a...1...TRUE" "b...1...TRUE" "c...1...TRUE"
[2,] "a...2...TRUE" "b...2...TRUE" "c...2...TRUE"
[3,] "a...3...TRUE" "b...3...TRUE" "c...3...TRUE"
[4,] "a...4...TRUE" "b...4...TRUE" "c...4...TRUE"
[5,] "a...5...TRUE" "b...5...TRUE" "c...5...TRUE"
> sapply(k, paste,simplify=TRUE,USE.NAMES=TRUE,1:5,sep="...")
[1,] "a...1" "b...1" "c...1"
[2,] "a...2" "b...2" "c...2"
[3,] "a...3" "b...3" "c...3"
[4,] "a...4" "b...4" "c...4"
[5,] "a...5" "b...5" "c...5"
> sapply(k, paste,simplify=FALSE,USE.NAMES=TRUE,1:5,sep="...")
$a
[1] "a...1" "a...2" "a...3" "a...4" "a...5"
$b
[1] "b...1" "b...2" "b...3" "b...4" "b...5"
$c
[1] "c...1" "c...2" "c...3" "c...4" "c...5"
vapply {base}
vapply类似于sapply函数,但是它的返回值有预定义类型,所以它使用起来会更加安全,有的时候会更快
在vapply函数中总是会进行简化,vapply会检测FUN的所有值是否与FUN.VALUE兼容,以使他们具有相同的长度和类型。类型顺序:逻辑<</span>整型<</span>实数<</span>复数
vapply(X, FUN, FUN.VALUE, ..., USE.NAMES = TRUE)
X表示一个向量或者表达式对象,其余对象将被通过as.list强制转换为list
simplify 逻辑值或者字符串,如果可以,结果应该被简化为向量、矩阵或者高维数组。必须是命名的,不能是简写。默认值是TRUE,若合适将会返回一个向量或者矩阵。如果simplify=”array”,结果将返回一个阵列。
USE.NAMES
FUN.VALUE
例:
> x<-data.frame(a=rnorm(4,4,4),b=rnorm(4,5,3),c=rnorm(4,5,3))
> vapply(x,mean,c(c=0))
> k<-function(x)
+ {
+ list(mean(x),sd(x))
+ }
> vapply(x,k,c(c=0))
错误于vapply(x, k, c(c = 0)) : 值的长度必需为1,
> vapply(x,k,c(c=0,b=0))
错误于vapply(x, k, c(c = 0, b = 0)) : 值的种类必需是'double',
> vapply(x,k,c(list(c=0,b=0)))
c 1.832904 6.044286 -0.1437202
b 1.257834 1.940433 3.649194
tapply {base}
对不规则阵列使用向量,即对一组非空值按照一组确定因子进行相应计算
tapply(X, INDEX, FUN, ..., simplify = TRUE)
x
INDEX
simplify
例:
> height <- c(174, 165, 180, 171, 160)
> sex<-c("F","F","M","F","M")
> tapply(height, sex, mean)
170
eapply {base}
eapply函数通过对environment中命名值进行FUN计算后返回一个列表值,用户可以请求所有使用过的命名对象。
eapply(env, FUN, ..., all.names = FALSE, USE.NAMES = TRUE)
env
all.names
USE.NAMES
例:
> require(stats)
>
> env <- new.env(hash = FALSE) # so the order is fixed
> env$a <- 1:10
> env$beta <- exp(-3:3)
> env$logic <- c(TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE)
> # what have we there?
> utils::ls.str(env)
a :
beta :
logic :
>
> # compute the mean for each list element
>
$logic
[1] 0.5
$beta
[1] 4.535125
$a
[1] 5.5
> unlist(eapply(env, mean, USE.NAMES = FALSE))
[1] 0.500000 4.535125 5.500000
>
> # median and quartiles for each element (making use of "..." passing):
> eapply(env, quantile, probs = 1:3/4)
$logic
25% 50% 75%
0.0 0.5 1.0
$beta
0.2516074 1.0000000 5.0536690
$a
3.25 5.50 7.75
> eapply(env, quantile)
$logic
$beta
$a
mapply {base}
mapply是sapply的多变量版本。将对...中的每个参数运行FUN函数,如有必要,参数将被循环。
mapply(FUN, ..., MoreArgs = NULL, SIMPLIFY = TRUE, USE.NAMES = TRUE)
MoreArgs
SIMPLIFY
USE.NAMES
例:
> mapply(rep, 1:4, 4:1)
[[1]]
[1] 1 1 1 1
[[2]]
[1] 2 2 2
[[3]]
[1] 3 3
[[4]]
[1] 4
rapply {base}
rapply是lapply的递归版本
rapply(X, FUN, classes = "ANY", deflt = NULL, how = c("unlist", "replace", "list"), ...)
X
classes
deflt
how
文章转载自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_403aa80a010174dj.html