Struts2引用Servlet API中的对象，request、response或session

在Struts1.x中通过 public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
     HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { } ，得到request、response或session的值，而有时得到这些值是非常必要的！！而在Struts2 中“如 果我要取得Servlet API中的一些对象，如request、response或session等，应该怎么做？这里的execute不像Struts 1.x的那样在参数中引入。”开发Web应用程序当然免不了跟这些对象打交道。在Strutx 2.0你可以有两种方式获得这些对象：非IoC（控制反转Inversion of Control）方式和IoC方式。

1. 非IoC方式

   要获得上述对象，关键Struts 2.0中com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext类。我们可以通过它的静态方法getContext()获取当前Action的上下文对象。 另外，org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext作为辅助类（Helper Class），可以帮助您快捷地获得这几个对象。

   • HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
   • HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
   • HttpSession session = request.getSession();

   如果你只是想访问session的属性（Attribute），你也可以通过ActionContext.getContext().getSession()获取或添加session范围（Scoped）的对象。

2. IoC方式

   要使用IoC方式，我们首先要告诉IoC容器（Container）想取得某个对象的意愿，通过实现相应的接口做到这点。具体实现，请参考例6 IocServlet.java。

package tutorial;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class NonIoCServlet extends ActionSupport {
   private String message;
   
   public String getMessage() {
       return message;        
   }
   
   @Override
   public String execute() {    
       ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("msg", "Hello World from Session!");
       
       HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
       HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();        
       HttpSession session = request.getSession();
       
       StringBuffer sb =new StringBuffer("Message from request: ");
       sb.append(request.getParameter("msg"));
       sb.append("<br>Response Buffer Size: ");
       sb.append(response.getBufferSize());
       sb.append("<br>Session ID: ");
       sb.append(session.getId());
       
       message = sb.toString();
       return SUCCESS;
   }
}

例6 classes/tutorial/NonIoCServlet.java

package tutorial;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class IoCServlet extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware, ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware {
   private String message;
   private Map att;
   private HttpServletRequest request;
   private HttpServletResponse response;    
   
   public String getMessage() {
       return message;        
   }
   
   publicvoid setSession(Map att) {
       this.att = att;
   }
   
   publicvoid setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
       this.request = request;
   }
   
   publicvoid setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
       this.response = response;
   }
   
   @Override
   public String execute() {        
       att.put("msg", "Hello World from Session!");
       
       HttpSession session = request.getSession();
       
       StringBuffer sb =new StringBuffer("Message from request: ");
       sb.append(request.getParameter("msg"));
       sb.append("<br>Response Buffer Size: ");
       sb.append(response.getBufferSize());
       sb.append("<br>Session ID: ");
       sb.append(session.getId());
       
       message = sb.toString();
       return SUCCESS;
   }
}

例6 classes/tutorial/IoCServlet.java

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
< html >
< head >
    < title > Hello World! </ title >
</ head >
< body >
    < h2 >
        < s:property value ="message" escape ="false" />
        < br > Message from session: < s:property value ="#session.msg" />
    </ h2 >
</ body >
</ html >

例6 Servlet.jsp

< action name ="NonIoCServlet" class ="tutorial.NonIoCServlet" >
    < result > /Servlet.jsp </ result >
</ action >
< action name ="IoCServlet" class ="tutorial.IoCServlet" >
    < result > /Servlet.jsp </ result >
</ action >

例6 classes/struts.xml中NonIocServlet和IoCServlet Action的配置

运行Tomcat，在浏览器地址栏中键入http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Action/NonIoCServlet.action?msg=Hello%20World! 或http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Action/IoCServlet.action?msg=Hello%20World!，出现如图7所示页面。