一.概念：
多功能Internet 邮件扩充服务(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)，它是一种多用途网际邮件扩充协议，在1992年最早应用于电子邮件系统，但后来也应用到浏览器。MIME类型就是设定某种扩展名的文件用一种应用程序来打开的方式类型，当该扩展名文件被访问的时候，浏览器会自动使用指定应用程序来打开。多用于指定一些客户端自定义的文件名，以及一些媒体文件打开方式。
Content-Type/subtype ，比如：text/plain（纯文本）
1.Content-Type的种类：Text：用于标准化地表示的文本信息，文本消息可以是多种字符集和或者多种格式的；
Multipart：用于连接消息体的多个部分构成一个消息，这些部分可以是不同类型的数据；
Application：用于传输应用程序数据或者二进制数据；
Message：用于包装一个E-mail消息；
Image：用于传输静态图片数据；
Audio：用于传输音频或者音声数据；
Video：用于传输动态影像数据，可以是与音频编辑在一起的视频数据格式。
text/plain（纯文本）
text/html（HTML文档）
application/xhtml+xml（XHTML文档）
image/gif（GIF图像）
image/jpeg（JPEG图像）【PHP中为：image/pjpeg】
image/png（PNG图像）【PHP中为：image/x-png】
video/mpeg（MPEG动画）
application/octet-stream（任意的二进制数据）
application/pdf（PDF文档）
application/msword（Microsoft Word文件）
message/rfc822（RFC 822形式）
multipart/alternative（HTML邮件的HTML形式和纯文本形式，相同内容使用不同形式表示）
application/x-www-form-urlencoded（使用HTTP的POST方法提交的表单）
multipart/form-data（同上，但主要用于表单提交时伴随文件上传的场合）
以上的Content-Type/subtype在MimeUtils工具类中有更全的列表，详情见结尾处的源码。
三.用处：
主要使用在AndroidManifest.xml中，包含于<intent-filter>,使用<data>标识。如下：
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android: mimeType=" text/plain " />
<data android: mimeType=" text/html " />
</intent-filter>
以上的<intent-filter>说明，此Activity可以处理text/plain和text/html的文件类型，也就是扩展名为.txt和.html的文件。如果要让此应用能处理所有类型的文件，可以这样写：
<data android:scheme="*/* " />
至于<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />这个表示此Activity能接收android.intent.action.VIEW这种类型的Intent。那么这个Intent是什么时候发出来的呢？
答案是当从文件管理器中点击打开文件时，就会触发这个startActivity(Intent intent)的发出。因为这个Intent是隐式的，所以它只负责发出。定义了这个android.intent.action.VIEW类型的Acitivity将会被定位到并且被打开。如果有多个Activity定义了android.intent.action.VIEW类型，那么将会弹出一个列表供用户选择。
四.MIME的相关类：
MimeTypeMap，MimeTypeUtil，MimeUtils
1.MimeTypeMap
MimeTypeMap的构造方法是私有的，但是我们可以通过它的单例方法getSingleton()获取它的实例对象。如下：
private static final MimeTypeMap sMimeTypeMap = new MimeTypeMap();
private MimeTypeMap() {}
public static MimeTypeMap getSingleton() { return sMimeTypeMap; }主要方法有：
public static String getFileExtensionFromUrl(String url)----- 通过url获取文件扩展名
public boolean hasMimeType(String mimeType) {
return MimeUtils.hasMimeType(mimeType);
}
public String getMimeTypeFromExtension(String extension) {
return MimeUtils.guessMimeTypeFromExtension(extension);
}
它的很多方法都是使用MimeUtils工具类的方法来实现的。
只有一个方法，在实现上也是依靠MimeUtils工具类，如下：
public static String getMimeTypeForUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
if (uri.getScheme() == null) return null;
if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT)) {
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
return cr.getType(uri);
} else if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE)) {
String extension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(uri.getPath()).toLowerCase();
if (extension != null) {
return MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension);
} else {
return null;
}
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "Could not determine mime type for Uri " + uri);
return null;
}
}
3.MimeUtils
MimeUtils工具类我在源码中没有找到，以下的源码拷贝自网络。
package net.micode.fileexplorer;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* Utilities for dealing with MIME types.
* Used to implement java.net.URLConnection and android.webkit.MimeTypeMap.
*/
public final class MimeUtils {
private static final Map<String, String> mimeTypeToExtensionMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
private static final Map<String, String> extensionToMimeTypeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
static {
// The following table is based on /etc/mime.types data minus
// chemical/* MIME types and MIME types that don't map to any
// file extensions. We also exclude top-level domain names to
// deal with cases like:
//
// mail.google.com/a/google.com
//
// and "active" MIME types (due to potential security issues).
add("application/andrew-inset", "ez");
add("application/dsptype", "tsp");
add("application/futuresplash", "spl");
add("application/hta", "hta");
add("application/mac-binhex40", "hqx");
add("application/mac-compactpro", "cpt");
add("application/mathematica", "nb");
add("application/msaccess", "mdb");
add("application/oda", "oda");
add("application/ogg", "ogg");
add("application/pdf", "pdf");
add("application/pgp-keys", "key");
add("application/pgp-signature", "pgp");
add("application/pics-rules", "prf");
add("application/rar", "rar");
add("application/rdf+xml", "rdf");
add("application/rss+xml", "rss");
add("application/zip", "zip");
add("application/vnd.android.package-archive", "apk");
add("application/vnd.cinderella", "cdy");
add("application/vnd.ms-pki.stl", "stl");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database", "odb");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula", "odf");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics", "odg");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template", "otg");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image", "odi");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet", "ods");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template", "ots");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text", "odt");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master", "odm");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template", "ott");
add("application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web", "oth");
add("application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml", "kml");
add("application/vnd.google-earth.kmz", "kmz");
add("application/msword", "doc");
add("application/msword", "dot");
add("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "docx");
add("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template", "dotx");
add("application/vnd.ms-excel", "xls");
add("application/vnd.ms-excel", "xlt");
add("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "xlsx");
add("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template", "xltx");
add("application/vnd.ms-powerpoint", "ppt");
add("application/vnd.ms-powerpoint", "pot");
add("application/vnd.ms-powerpoint", "pps");
add("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation", "pptx");
add("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template", "potx");
add("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow", "ppsx");
add("application/vnd.rim.cod", "cod");
add("application/vnd.smaf", "mmf");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.calc", "sdc");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.draw", "sda");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.impress", "sdd");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.impress", "sdp");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.math", "smf");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.writer", "sdw");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.writer", "vor");
add("application/vnd.stardivision.writer-global", "sgl");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.calc", "sxc");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template", "stc");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.draw", "sxd");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template", "std");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.impress", "sxi");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template", "sti");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.math", "sxm");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.writer", "sxw");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global", "sxg");
add("application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template", "stw");
add("application/vnd.visio", "vsd");
add("application/x-abiword", "abw");
add("application/x-apple-diskimage", "dmg");
add("application/x-bcpio", "bcpio");
add("application/x-bittorrent", "torrent");
add("application/x-cdf", "cdf");
add("application/x-cdlink", "vcd");
add("application/x-chess-pgn", "pgn");
add("application/x-cpio", "cpio");
add("application/x-debian-package", "deb");
add("application/x-debian-package", "udeb");
add("application/x-director", "dcr");
add("application/x-director", "dir");
add("application/x-director", "dxr");
add("application/x-dms", "dms");
add("application/x-doom", "wad");
add("application/x-dvi", "dvi");
add("application/x-flac", "flac");
add("application/x-font", "pfa");
add("application/x-font", "pfb");
add("application/x-font", "gsf");
add("application/x-font", "pcf");
add("application/x-font", "pcf.Z");
add("application/x-freemind", "mm");
add("application/x-futuresplash", "spl");
add("application/x-gnumeric", "gnumeric");
add("application/x-go-sgf", "sgf");
add("application/x-graphing-calculator", "gcf");
add("application/x-gtar", "gtar");
add("application/x-gtar", "tgz");
add("application/x-gtar", "taz");
add("application/x-hdf", "hdf");
add("application/x-ica", "ica");
add("application/x-internet-signup", "ins");
add("application/x-internet-signup", "isp");
add("application/x-iphone", "iii");
add("application/x-iso9660-image", "iso");
add("application/x-jmol", "jmz");
add("application/x-kchart", "chrt");
add("application/x-killustrator", "kil");
add("application/x-koan", "skp");
add("application/x-koan", "skd");
add("application/x-koan", "skt");
add("application/x-koan", "skm");
add("application/x-kpresenter", "kpr");
add("application/x-kpresenter", "kpt");
add("application/x-kspread", "ksp");
add("application/x-kword", "kwd");
add("application/x-kword", "kwt");
add("application/x-latex", "latex");
add("application/x-lha", "lha");
add("application/x-lzh", "lzh");
add("application/x-lzx", "lzx");
add("application/x-maker", "frm");
add("application/x-maker", "maker");
add("application/x-maker", "frame");
add("application/x-maker", "fb");
add("application/x-maker", "book");
add("application/x-maker", "fbdoc");
add("application/x-mif", "mif");
add("application/x-ms-wmd", "wmd");
add("application/x-ms-wmz", "wmz");
add("application/x-msi", "msi");
add("application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", "pac");
add("application/x-nwc", "nwc");
add("application/x-object", "o");
add("application/x-oz-application", "oza");
add("application/x-pkcs12", "p12");
add("application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp", "p7r");
add("application/x-pkcs7-crl", "crl");
add("application/x-quicktimeplayer", "qtl");
add("application/x-shar", "shar");
add("application/x-shockwave-flash", "swf");
add("application/x-stuffit", "sit");
add("application/x-sv4cpio", "sv4cpio");
add("application/x-sv4crc", "sv4crc");
add("application/x-tar", "tar");
add("application/x-texinfo", "texinfo");
add("application/x-texinfo", "texi");
add("application/x-troff", "t");
add("application/x-troff", "roff");
add("application/x-troff-man", "man");
add("application/x-ustar", "ustar");
add("application/x-wais-source", "src");
add("application/x-wingz", "wz");
add("application/x-webarchive", "webarchive");
add("application/x-webarchive-xml", "webarchivexml");
add("application/x-x509-ca-cert", "crt");
add("application/x-x509-user-cert", "crt");
add("application/x-xcf", "xcf");
add("application/x-xfig", "fig");
add("application/xhtml+xml", "xhtml");
add("audio/3gpp", "3gpp");
add("audio/amr", "amr");
add("audio/basic", "snd");
add("audio/midi", "mid");
add("audio/midi", "midi");
add("audio/midi", "kar");
add("audio/midi", "xmf");
add("audio/mobile-xmf", "mxmf");
add("audio/mpeg", "mpga");
add("audio/mpeg", "mpega");
add("audio/mpeg", "mp2");
add("audio/mpeg", "mp3");
add("audio/mpeg", "m4a");
add("audio/mpegurl", "m3u");
add("audio/prs.sid", "sid");
add("audio/x-aiff", "aif");
add("audio/x-aiff", "aiff");
add("audio/x-aiff", "aifc");
add("audio/x-gsm", "gsm");
add("audio/x-mpegurl", "m3u");
add("audio/x-ms-wma", "wma");
add("audio/x-ms-wax", "wax");
add("audio/x-pn-realaudio", "ra");
add("audio/x-pn-realaudio", "rm");
add("audio/x-pn-realaudio", "ram");
add("audio/x-realaudio", "ra");
add("audio/x-scpls", "pls");
add("audio/x-sd2", "sd2");
add("audio/x-wav", "wav");
add("image/bmp", "bmp");
add("audio/x-qcp", "qcp");
add("image/gif", "gif");
add("image/ico", "cur");
add("image/ico", "ico");
add("image/ief", "ief");
add("image/jpeg", "jpeg");
add("image/jpeg", "jpg");
add("image/jpeg", "jpe");
add("image/pcx", "pcx");
add("image/png", "png");
add("image/svg+xml", "svg");
add("image/svg+xml", "svgz");
add("image/tiff", "tiff");
add("image/tiff", "tif");
add("image/vnd.djvu", "djvu");
add("image/vnd.djvu", "djv");
add("image/vnd.wap.wbmp", "wbmp");
add("image/x-cmu-raster", "ras");
add("image/x-coreldraw", "cdr");
add("image/x-coreldrawpattern", "pat");
add("image/x-coreldrawtemplate", "cdt");
add("image/x-corelphotopaint", "cpt");
add("image/x-icon", "ico");
add("image/x-jg", "art");
add("image/x-jng", "jng");
add("image/x-ms-bmp", "bmp");
add("image/x-photoshop", "psd");
add("image/x-portable-anymap", "pnm");
add("image/x-portable-bitmap", "pbm");
add("image/x-portable-graymap", "pgm");
add("image/x-portable-pixmap", "ppm");
add("image/x-rgb", "rgb");
add("image/x-xbitmap", "xbm");
add("image/x-xpixmap", "xpm");
add("image/x-xwindowdump", "xwd");
add("model/iges", "igs");
add("model/iges", "iges");
add("model/mesh", "msh");
add("model/mesh", "mesh");
add("model/mesh", "silo");
add("text/calendar", "ics");
add("text/calendar", "icz");
add("text/comma-separated-values", "csv");
add("text/css", "css");
add("text/html", "htm");
add("text/html", "html");
add("text/h323", "323");
add("text/iuls", "uls");
add("text/mathml", "mml");
// add ".txt" first so it will be the default for ExtensionFromMimeType
add("text/plain", "txt");
add("text/plain", "asc");
add("text/plain", "text");
add("text/plain", "diff");
add("text/plain", "po"); // reserve "pot" for vnd.ms-powerpoint
add("text/richtext", "rtx");
add("text/rtf", "rtf");
add("text/texmacs", "ts");
add("text/text", "phps");
add("text/tab-separated-values", "tsv");
add("text/xml", "xml");
add("text/x-bibtex", "bib");
add("text/x-boo", "boo");
add("text/x-c++hdr", "h++");
add("text/x-c++hdr", "hpp");
add("text/x-c++hdr", "hxx");
add("text/x-c++hdr", "hh");
add("text/x-c++src", "c++");
add("text/x-c++src", "cpp");
add("text/x-c++src", "cxx");
add("text/x-chdr", "h");
add("text/x-component", "htc");
add("text/x-csh", "csh");
add("text/x-csrc", "c");
add("text/x-dsrc", "d");
add("text/x-haskell", "hs");
add("text/x-java", "java");
add("text/x-literate-haskell", "lhs");
add("text/x-moc", "moc");
add("text/x-pascal", "p");
add("text/x-pascal", "pas");
add("text/x-pcs-gcd", "gcd");
add("text/x-setext", "etx");
add("text/x-tcl", "tcl");
add("text/x-tex", "tex");
add("text/x-tex", "ltx");
add("text/x-tex", "sty");
add("text/x-tex", "cls");
add("text/x-vcalendar", "vcs");
add("text/x-vcard", "vcf");
add("video/3gpp", "3gpp");
add("video/3gpp", "3gp");
add("video/3gpp", "3g2");
add("video/dl", "dl");
add("video/dv", "dif");
add("video/dv", "dv");
add("video/fli", "fli");
add("video/m4v", "m4v");
add("video/mpeg", "mpeg");
add("video/mpeg", "mpg");
add("video/mpeg", "mpe");
add("video/mp4", "mp4");
add("video/mpeg", "VOB");
add("video/quicktime", "qt");
add("video/quicktime", "mov");
add("video/vnd.mpegurl", "mxu");
add("video/webm", "webm");
add("video/x-la-asf", "lsf");
add("video/x-la-asf", "lsx");
add("video/x-mng", "mng");
add("video/x-ms-asf", "asf");
add("video/x-ms-asf", "asx");
add("video/x-ms-wm", "wm");
add("video/x-ms-wmv", "wmv");
add("video/x-ms-wmx", "wmx");
add("video/x-ms-wvx", "wvx");
add("video/x-msvideo", "avi");
add("video/x-sgi-movie", "movie");
add("x-conference/x-cooltalk", "ice");
add("x-epoc/x-sisx-app", "sisx");
applyOverrides();
}
private static void add(String mimeType, String extension) {
//
// if we have an existing x --> y mapping, we do not want to
// override it with another mapping x --> ?
// this is mostly because of the way the mime-type map below
// is constructed (if a mime type maps to several extensions
// the first extension is considered the most popular and is
// added first; we do not want to overwrite it later).
//
if (!mimeTypeToExtensionMap.containsKey(mimeType)) {
mimeTypeToExtensionMap.put(mimeType, extension);
}
extensionToMimeTypeMap.put(extension, mimeType);
}
private static InputStream getContentTypesPropertiesStream() {
// User override?
String userTable = System.getProperty("content.types.user.table");
if (userTable != null) {
File f = new File(userTable);
if (f.exists()) {
try {
return new FileInputStream(f);
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
// Standard location?
File f = new File(System.getProperty("java.home"), "lib" + File.separator + "content-types.properties");
if (f.exists()) {
try {
return new FileInputStream(f);
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* This isn't what the RI does. The RI doesn't have hard-coded defaults, so supplying your
* own "content.types.user.table" means you don't get any of the built-ins, and the built-ins
* come from "$JAVA_HOME/lib/content-types.properties".
*/
private static void applyOverrides() {
// Get the appropriate InputStream to read overrides from, if any.
InputStream stream = getContentTypesPropertiesStream();
if (stream == null) {
return;
}
try {
try {
// Read the properties file...
Properties overrides = new Properties();
overrides.load(stream);
// And translate its mapping to ours...
for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : overrides.entrySet()) {
String extension = (String) entry.getKey();
String mimeType = (String) entry.getValue();
add(mimeType, extension);
}
} finally {
stream.close();
}
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
private MimeUtils() {
}
/**
* Returns true if the given MIME type has an entry in the map.
* @param mimeType A MIME type (i.e. text/plain)
* @return True iff there is a mimeType entry in the map.
*/
public static boolean hasMimeType(String mimeType) {
if (mimeType == null || mimeType.isEmpty()) {
return false;
}
return mimeTypeToExtensionMap.containsKey(mimeType);
}
/**
* Returns the MIME type for the given extension.
* @param extension A file extension without the leading '.'
* @return The MIME type for the given extension or null iff there is none.
*/
public static String guessMimeTypeFromExtension(String extension) {
if (extension == null || extension.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
return extensionToMimeTypeMap.get(extension);
}
/**
* Returns true if the given extension has a registered MIME type.
* @param extension A file extension without the leading '.'
* @return True iff there is an extension entry in the map.
*/
public static boolean hasExtension(String extension) {
if (extension == null || extension.isEmpty()) {
return false;
}
return extensionToMimeTypeMap.containsKey(extension);
}
/**
* Returns the registered extension for the given MIME type. Note that some
* MIME types map to multiple extensions. This call will return the most
* common extension for the given MIME type.
* @param mimeType A MIME type (i.e. text/plain)
* @return The extension for the given MIME type or null iff there is none.
*/
public static String guessExtensionFromMimeType(String mimeType) {
if (mimeType == null || mimeType.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
return mimeTypeToExtensionMap.get(mimeType);
}
}
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