五、Singleton(单件)
情景举例:
保证仅有一个迷宫工厂的实例。
代码示例:
/* 注意静态函数和静态变量,它们实现了单件
构造函数设为protected以供子类访问,若没有子类可以设为private
*/
class MazeFactory {
public:
static MazeFactory* Instance();
// existing interface goes here
protected:
MazeFactory();
private:
static MazeFactory* _instance;
};
/*
*/
MazeFactory* MazeFactory::_instance = 0;
MazeFactory* MazeFactory::Instance () {
if (_instance == 0) {
_instance = new MazeFactory;
}
return _instance;
}
/* 如果有子类的情况下,则按以下方法实现单件
*/
MazeFactory* MazeFactory::Instance () {
if (_instance == 0) {
const char* mazeStyle = getenv("MAZESTYLE");
/*
*/
if (strcmp(mazeStyle, "bombed") == 0) {
_instance = new BombedMazeFactory;
/*
*/
} else if (strcmp(mazeStyle, "enchanted") == 0) {
_instance = new EnchantedMazeFactory;
/*
*/
// ... other possible subclasses
/*
*/
} else { // default
_instance = new MazeFactory;
}
}
return _instance;
}
个人理解:
单件模式在C++中实现的方法就是使用静态函数和静态变量,注意要将构造函数设置为保护的(有子类的情况)或私有的。