(1)由于arm系统中没有bios设备, 所以只能为arm系统创建一个虚拟的字符设备与用户空间进行通讯.
这就是/arch/arm/kernel/amp.c
1. 工作原理:
这个apm中实现一个misc设备,实质上也是一个字符设备, misc设备的主设备号是10, 而apm_bios作为一
个misc设备, 次设备号是134. 定义为:
/*
* The apm_bios device is one of the misc char devices.
* This is its minor number.
*/
#define APM_MINOR_DEV 134
这个apm_bios设备通过ioctl系统调用和用户空间进行通讯, 即当用户进程通过ioctl发来suspend命令时
, 它就传给内核, 使系统进入suspend状态.
2. 初始化
static int __init apm_init(void)
{
int ret;
if (apm_disabled) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE "apm: disabled on user request./n");
return -ENODEV;
}
if (PM_IS_ACTIVE()) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE "apm: overridden by ACPI./n");
return -EINVAL;
}
pm_active = 1;
//创建一个线程, 用于处理事件队列, 工作函数是kapmd
//这个线程好像在arm中没有作用?
ret = kernel_thread(kapmd, NULL, CLONE_KERNEL);
if (ret < 0) {
pm_active = 0;
return ret;
}
//通过proc向用户空间输出apm信息
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
create_proc_info_entry("apm", 0, NULL, apm_get_info);
#endif
//注册misc设备
ret = misc_register(&apm_device);
if (ret != 0) {
remove_proc_entry("apm", NULL);
pm_active = 0;
wake_up(&kapmd_wait);
wait_for_completion(&kapmd_exit);
}
return ret;
}
注册的结构为:
static struct file_operations apm_bios_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = apm_read,
.poll = apm_poll,
.ioctl = apm_ioctl,
.open = apm_open,
.release = apm_release,
};
static struct miscdevice apm_device = {
.minor = APM_MINOR_DEV,
.name = "apm_bios",
.fops = &apm_bios_fops
};
3. 结构函数的实现
当一个用户进程打开apm_bios设备时, 它就会调用这个函数
static int apm_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
struct apm_user *as;
//分配一个apm_user结构, 来表示一个用户进程
as = (struct apm_user *)kmalloc(sizeof(*as), GFP_KERNEL);
if (as) {
memset(as, 0, sizeof(*as));
/*
* XXX - this is a tiny bit broken, when we consider BSD
* process accounting. If the device is opened by root, we
* instantly flag that we used superuser privs. Who knows,
* we might close the device immediately without doing a
* privileged operation -- cevans
*/
//读写等权限设置
as->suser = capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
as->writer = (filp->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) == FMODE_WRITE;
as->reader = (filp->f_mode & FMODE_READ) == FMODE_READ;
//将这个用户加入用户队列
down_write(&user_list_lock);
list_add(&as->list, &apm_user_list);
up_write(&user_list_lock);
//这是一个传递私有数据的一个通用方式
filp->private_data = as;
}
return as ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
}
当用户空间进程去读这个设备时, 这个函数就会被调用.
这个函数的主要作用是将事件读出到用户空间
static ssize_t apm_read(struct file *fp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct apm_user *as = fp->private_data;
apm_event_t event;
int i = count, ret = 0;
if (count < sizeof(apm_event_t))
return -EINVAL;
//队列空, 且进程非阻塞读, 立刻返回
if (queue_empty(&as->queue) && fp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
return -EAGAIN;
//否则等待到队列非空为止,
wait_event_interruptible(apm_waitqueue, !queue_empty(&as->queue));
//将队列中的事件复制给用户空间
while ((i >= sizeof(event)) && !queue_empty(&as->queue)) {
event = queue_get_event(&as->queue);
ret = -EFAULT;
if (copy_to_user(buf, &event, sizeof(event)))
break;
//设置状态
if (event == APM_SYS_SUSPEND || event == APM_USER_SUSPEND)
as->suspend_state = SUSPEND_READ;
buf += sizeof(event);
i -= sizeof(event);
}
if (i < count)
ret = count - i;
return ret;
}
//这个poll/select的后端实现, 用于查询有没有数据可读
static unsigned int apm_poll(struct file *fp, poll_table * wait)
{
struct apm_user *as = fp->private_data;
poll_wait(fp, &apm_waitqueue, wait);
return queue_empty(&as->queue) ? 0 : POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
//这个是这个设备的核心函数, 用于内核与用户空间交互
/*
* apm_ioctl - handle APM ioctl
*
* APM_IOC_SUSPEND
* This IOCTL is overloaded, and performs two functions. It is used to:
* - initiate a suspend
* - acknowledge a suspend read from /dev/apm_bios.
* Only when everyone who has opened /dev/apm_bios with write permission
* has acknowledge does the actual suspend happen.
*/
static int
apm_ioctl(struct inode * inode, struct file *filp, u_int cmd, u_long arg)
{
struct apm_user *as = filp->private_data;
unsigned long flags;
int err = -EINVAL;
if (!as->suser || !as->writer)
return -EPERM;
switch (cmd) {
case APM_IOC_SUSPEND:
as->suspend_result = -EINTR;
if (as->suspend_state == SUSPEND_READ) {
/*
* If we read a suspend command from /dev/apm_bios,
* then the corresponding APM_IOC_SUSPEND ioctl is
* interpreted as an acknowledge.
*/
as->suspend_state = SUSPEND_ACKED;
suspends_pending--;
} else {
/*
* Otherwise it is a request to suspend the system.
* Queue an event for all readers, and expect an
* acknowledge from all writers who haven't already
* acknowledged.
*/
queue_event(APM_USER_SUSPEND, as);
}
/*
* If there are no further acknowledges required, suspend
* the system.
*/
if (suspends_pending == 0)
apm_suspend(); //系统进入suspend状态
//从suspend中返回
/*
* Wait for the suspend/resume to complete. If there are
* pending acknowledges, we wait here for them.
*
* Note that we need to ensure that the PM subsystem does
* not kick us out of the wait when it suspends the threads.
*/
flags = current->flags;
current->flags |= PF_NOFREEZE;
/*
* Note: do not allow a thread which is acking the suspend
* to escape until the resume is complete.
*/
if (as->suspend_state == SUSPEND_ACKED)
wait_event(apm_suspend_waitqueue,
as->suspend_state == SUSPEND_DONE);
else
wait_event_interruptible(apm_suspend_waitqueue,
as->suspend_state == SUSPEND_DONE);
current->flags = flags;
err = as->suspend_result;
as->suspend_state = SUSPEND_NONE;
break;
}
return err;
}
4. 事件队列函数
static void queue_event(apm_event_t event, struct apm_user *sender)
{
struct apm_user *as;
down_read(&user_list_lock);
//将事件加入其他USER,除自己外
list_for_each_entry(as, &apm_user_list, list) {
if (as != sender && as->reader)
queue_event_one_user(as, event);
}
up_read(&user_list_lock);
//唤醒等待读的进程
wake_up_interruptible(&apm_waitqueue);
}
static void queue_event_one_user(struct apm_user *as, apm_event_t event)
{
if (as->suser && as->writer) {
switch (event) {
case APM_SYS_SUSPEND:
case APM_USER_SUSPEND:
/*
* If this user already has a suspend pending,
* don't queue another one.
*/
if (as->suspend_state != SUSPEND_NONE)
return;
as->suspend_state = SUSPEND_PENDING;
suspends_pending++;
break;
}
}
queue_add_event(&as->queue, event);
}
static void queue_add_event(struct apm_queue *q, apm_event_t event)
{
q->event_head = (q->event_head + 1) % APM_MAX_EVENTS;
if (q->event_head == q->event_tail) { //满了
static int notified;
if (notified++ == 0)
printk(KERN_ERR "apm: an event queue overflowed/n");
q->event_tail = (q->event_tail + 1) % APM_MAX_EVENTS;
}
q->events[q->event_head] = event; 加入队头
}
在来看一个出队的函数:
//在队尾出列
static inline apm_event_t queue_get_event(struct apm_queue *q)
{
q->event_tail = (q->event_tail + 1) % APM_MAX_EVENTS;
return q->events[q->event_tail];
}
/*
* APM event queue management.
*/
static inline int queue_empty(struct apm_queue *q)
{
return q->event_head == q->event_tail;
}
//队列的结构
/*
* Maximum number of events stored
*/
#define APM_MAX_EVENTS 16
struct apm_queue {
unsigned int event_head;
unsigned int event_tail;
apm_event_t events[APM_MAX_EVENTS];
};
5. apm_suspend()
这里才是整个设备想做的事情--将系统转入suspend状态
static void apm_suspend(void)
{
struct apm_user *as;
//调用体系无关的接口,将系统转入suspend状态
int err = pm_suspend(PM_SUSPEND_MEM);
//从suspend返回
/*
* Anyone on the APM queues will think we're still suspended.
* Send a message so everyone knows we're now awake again.
*/
//发送一个resume事件
queue_event(APM_NORMAL_RESUME, NULL);
/*
* Finally, wake up anyone who is sleeping on the suspend.
*/
down_read(&user_list_lock);
list_for_each_entry(as, &apm_user_list, list) {
as->suspend_result = err;
as->suspend_state = SUSPEND_DONE; //suspend完成
}
up_read(&user_list_lock);
//唤醒睡眠进程
wake_up(&apm_suspend_waitqueue);
}
这部分说明kernel里面的电源管理的核心函数
这部分的代码在/kernel/power目录中
1. 我们在上(1)中看到apm_suspend()调用以下这个函数, 我们就从这里开始
typedef int __bitwise suspend_state_t;
#define PM_SUSPEND_ON ((__force suspend_state_t) 0)
#define PM_SUSPEND_STANDBY ((__force suspend_state_t) 1)
#define PM_SUSPEND_MEM ((__force suspend_state_t) 3)
#define PM_SUSPEND_DISK ((__force suspend_state_t) 4)
#define PM_SUSPEND_MAX ((__force suspend_state_t) 5)
/**
* pm_suspend - Externally visible function for suspending system.
* @state: Enumarted value of state to enter.
*
* Determine whether or not value is within range, get state
* structure, and enter (above).
*/
//注意这里的注释, Externally visible function for suspending system.
int pm_suspend(suspend_state_t state)
{
//arm apm传入的是PM_SUSPEND_MEM
if (state > PM_SUSPEND_ON && state <= PM_SUSPEND_MAX)
return enter_state(state);
return -EINVAL;
}
/**
* enter_state - Do common work of entering low-power state.
* @state: pm_state structure for state we're entering.
*
* Make sure we're the only ones trying to enter a sleep state. Fail
* if someone has beat us to it, since we don't want anything weird to
* happen when we wake up.
* Then, do the setup for suspend, enter the state, and cleaup (after
* we've woken up).
*/
static int enter_state(suspend_state_t state)
{
int error;
//获得锁, 参见注释
if (down_trylock(&pm_sem))
return -EBUSY;
//挂起磁盘的请求, 不是我我们的请求
if (state == PM_SUSPEND_DISK) {
error = pm_suspend_disk();
goto Unlock;
}
//prepare阶段
pr_debug("PM: Preparing system for %s sleep/n", pm_states[state]);
if ((error = suspend_prepare(state)))
goto Unlock;
//进入阶段
pr_debug("PM: Entering %s sleep/n", pm_states[state]);
error = suspend_enter(state);
//完成挂起, 恢复状态
pr_debug("PM: Finishing wakeup./n");
suspend_finish(state);
Unlock:
up(&pm_sem);
return error;
}
2.1 准备阶段, 为状态变换做准备
/**
* suspend_prepare - Do prep work before entering low-power state.
* @state: State we're entering.
*
* This is common code that is called for each state that we're
* entering. Allocate a console, stop all processes, then make sure
* the platform can enter the requested state.
*/
static int suspend_prepare(suspend_state_t state)
{
int error = 0;
unsigned int free_pages;
if (!pm_ops || !pm_ops->enter)
return -EPERM;
pm_prepare_console();
disable_nonboot_cpus();
if (num_online_cpus() != 1) {
error = -EPERM;
goto Enable_cpu;
}
//进程处理
if (freeze_processes()) {
error = -EAGAIN;
goto Thaw;
}
//内存处理
if ((free_pages = nr_free_pages()) < FREE_PAGE_NUMBER) {
pr_debug("PM: free some memory/n");
shrink_all_memory(FREE_PAGE_NUMBER - free_pages);
if (nr_free_pages() < FREE_PAGE_NUMBER) {
error = -ENOMEM;
printk(KERN_ERR "PM: No enough memory/n");
goto Thaw;
}
}
//调用体系结构相关的函数, 这是在系统初始化的时候注册的.
if (pm_ops->prepare) {
if ((error = pm_ops->prepare(state)))
goto Thaw;
}
//挂起设备
if ((error = device_suspend(PMSG_SUSPEND))) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Some devices failed to suspend/n");
goto Finish;
}
return 0;
Finish:
if (pm_ops->finish)
pm_ops->finish(state);
Thaw:
thaw_processes();
Enable_cpu:
enable_nonboot_cpus();
pm_restore_console();
return error;
}
2.2挂起设备
/**
* device_suspend - Save state and stop all devices in system.
* @state: Power state to put each device in.
*
* Walk the dpm_active list, call ->suspend() for each device, and move
* it to dpm_off.
* Check the return value for each. If it returns 0, then we move the
* the device to the dpm_off list. If it returns -EAGAIN, we move it to
* the dpm_off_irq list. If we get a different error, try and back out.
*
* If we hit a failure with any of the devices, call device_resume()
* above to bring the suspended devices back to life.
*
*/
int device_suspend(pm_message_t state)
{
int error = 0;
down(&dpm_sem);
down(&dpm_list_sem);
//遍历设备链表, 当一个设备被注册进系统时, 它同时会被加入到这个dpm_active队列中
while (!list_empty(&dpm_active) && error == 0) {
struct list_head * entry = dpm_active.prev;
struct device * dev = to_device(entry);
get_device(dev);
up(&dpm_list_sem);
//挂起这个设备
error = suspend_device(dev, state);
down(&dpm_list_sem);
/* Check if the device got removed */
//加入off队列, 用于以后唤醒
if (!list_empty(&dev->power.entry)) {
/* Move it to the dpm_off or dpm_off_irq list */
if (!error) {
list_del(&dev->power.entry);
list_add(&dev->power.entry, &dpm_off);
} else if (error == -EAGAIN) {
list_del(&dev->power.entry);
list_add(&dev->power.entry, &dpm_off_irq);
error = 0;
}
}
if (error)
printk(KERN_ERR "Could not suspend device %s: "
"error %d/n", kobject_name(&dev->kobj), error);
put_device(dev);
}
up(&dpm_list_sem);
if (error) { //出错了! 恢复原来的状态
/* we failed... before resuming, bring back devices from
* dpm_off_irq list back to main dpm_off list, we do want
* to call resume() on them, in case they partially suspended
* despite returning -EAGAIN
*/
while (!list_empty(&dpm_off_irq)) {
struct list_head * entry = dpm_off_irq.next;
list_del(entry);
list_add(entry, &dpm_off);
}
dpm_resume();
}
up(&dpm_sem);
return error;
}
/**
* suspend_device - Save state of one device.
* @dev: Device.
* @state: Power state device is entering.
*/
int suspend_device(struct device * dev, pm_message_t state)
{
int error = 0;
down(&dev->sem);
if (dev->power.power_state.event) {
dev_dbg(dev, "PM: suspend %d-->%d/n",
dev->power.power_state.event, state.event);
}
if (dev->power.pm_parent
&& dev->power.pm_parent->power.power_state.event) {
dev_err(dev,
"PM: suspend %d->%d, parent %s already %d/n",
dev->power.power_state.event, state.event,
dev->power.pm_parent->bus_id,
dev->power.pm_parent->power.power_state.event);
}
//保留原来的状态
dev->power.prev_state = dev->power.power_state;
if (dev->bus && dev->bus->suspend && !dev->power.power_state.event) {
dev_dbg(dev, "suspending/n");
//执行BUS的suspend, bus的suspend再去执行dev的suspend
error = dev->bus->suspend(dev, state);
}
up(&dev->sem);
return error;
}
为了说明它说如何调用bus的suspend的, 这里插入一段设备的注册过程的描述:
static int __init s3c_arch_init(void)
{
int ret;
// do the correct init for cpu
if (cpu == NULL)
panic("s3c_arch_init: NULL cpu/n");
ret = (cpu->init)();
if (ret != 0)
return ret;
//这个board是全局变量, 就是下面的smdk2440_board
if (board != NULL) {
struct platform_device **ptr = board->devices;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < board->devices_count; i++, ptr++) {
//这个就是注册设备的函数, bus为platform
ret = platform_device_register(*ptr);
if (ret) {
printk(KERN_ERR "s3c24xx: failed to add board device %s (%d) @%
p/n", (*ptr)->name, ret, *ptr);
}
}
/* mask any error, we may not need all these board
* devices */
ret = 0;
}
return ret;
}
// 定义在mach-smdk2440.c
static struct platform_device *smdk2440_devices[] __initdata = {
&s3c_device_usb,
&s3c_device_lcd,
&s3c_device_wdt,
&s3c_device_i2c,
&s3c_device_iis,
};
static struct s3c24xx_board smdk2440_board __initdata = {
.devices = smdk2440_devices,
.devices_count = ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_devices)
};
我们看到, 就是这个platform_device_register()将上面数组中的设备(这些设备在devs.c中定义)注册进
platform bus中去的.
/**
* platform_device_register - add a platform-level device
* @pdev: platform device we're adding
*
*/
int platform_device_register(struct platform_device * pdev)
{
int i, ret = 0;
if (!pdev)
return -EINVAL;
if (!pdev->dev.parent)
pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;
//这个dev bus被初始化为platform_bus_type, 我们只关心这里
pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;
if (pdev->id != -1)
snprintf(pdev->dev.bus_id, BUS_ID_SIZE, "%s.%u", pdev->name, pdev->id);
else
strlcpy(pdev->dev.bus_id, pdev->name, BUS_ID_SIZE);
for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];
if (r->name == NULL)
r->name = pdev->dev.bus_id;
p = r->parent;
if (!p) {
if (r->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM)
p = &iomem_resource;
else if (r->flags & IORESOURCE_IO)
p = &ioport_resource;
}
if (p && request_resource(p, r)) {
printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: failed to claim resource %d/n",
pdev->dev.bus_id, i);
ret = -EBUSY;
goto failed;
}
}
pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s/n",
pdev->dev.bus_id, pdev->dev.parent->bus_id);
ret = device_register(&pdev->dev);
if (ret == 0)
return ret;
failed:
while (--i >= 0)
if (pdev->resource[i].flags & (IORESOURCE_MEM|IORESOURCE_IO))
release_resource(&pdev->resource[i]);
return ret;
}
再接着看看这个结构:
struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {
.name = "platform",
.match = platform_match,
//下面两个就是电源管理用的函数
.suspend = platform_suspend,
.resume = platform_resume,
};
我们在这里就可以清楚的看到, 它是会调用设备驱动的suspend实现的.
所以说, 系统挂起是, 设备也应该做相应的工作, 由于设备的特殊性, 这些就是留在设备里面来实现了.
static int platform_suspend(struct device * dev, pm_message_t state)
{
int ret = 0;
if (dev->driver && dev->driver->suspend) {
ret = dev->driver->suspend(dev, state, SUSPEND_DISABLE);
if (ret == 0)
ret = dev->driver->suspend(dev, state, SUSPEND_SAVE_STATE);
if (ret == 0)
ret = dev->driver->suspend(dev, state, SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN);
}
return ret;
}
3. enter阶段,
完成了prepare阶段后, 就是enter阶段了,即是进入了状态变换阶段了.
这就是:
static int suspend_enter(suspend_state_t state)
{
int error = 0;
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
if ((error = device_power_down(PMSG_SUSPEND))) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Some devices failed to power down/n");
goto Done;
}
error = pm_ops->enter(state);
device_power_up();
Done:
local_irq_restore(flags);
return error;
}
我们看到,所有的工作都在pm_ops->enter(state)中去做了.
它完成了suspend/resume的状态转换.
struct pm_ops {
suspend_disk_method_t pm_disk_mode;
int (*prepare)(suspend_state_t state);
int (*enter)(suspend_state_t state);
int (*finish)(suspend_state_t state);
};
这个结构在系统初始化是会初始化, 且每个体系结构的pm_os是不同的,
如s3c24xx的为:
/*
* Set to PM_DISK_FIRMWARE so we can quickly veto suspend-to-disk.
*/
static struct pm_ops s3c2410_pm_ops = {
.pm_disk_mode = PM_DISK_FIRMWARE,
.prepare = s3c2410_pm_prepare,
.enter = s3c2410_pm_enter,
.finish = s3c2410_pm_finish,
};
定义在arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/pm.c中.
我们在下一节再细看这个pm的实现.
4. finish阶段
/**
* suspend_finish - Do final work before exiting suspend sequence.
* @state: State we're coming out of.
*
* Call platform code to clean up, restart processes, and free the
* console that we've allocated. This is not called for suspend-to-disk.
*/
我们看到, 这里是enter_state的逆操作.
static void suspend_finish(suspend_state_t state)
{
device_resume();
if (pm_ops && pm_ops->finish)
pm_ops->finish(state); //体系相关的操作
thaw_processes();
enable_nonboot_cpus();
pm_restore_console();
}
5. 系统resume
/**
* device_resume - Restore state of each device in system.
*
* Walk the dpm_off list, remove each entry, resume the device,
* then add it to the dpm_active list.
*/
void device_resume(void)
{
down(&dpm_sem);
dpm_resume();
up(&dpm_sem);
}
void dpm_resume(void)
{
down(&dpm_list_sem);
while(!list_empty(&dpm_off)) { //在device_suspend()入列的dev
struct list_head * entry = dpm_off.next;
struct device * dev = to_device(entry);
get_device(dev);
list_del_init(entry);
list_add_tail(entry, &dpm_active);
up(&dpm_list_sem);
if (!dev->power.prev_state.event)
resume_device(dev); //对每个设备
down(&dpm_list_sem);
put_device(dev);
}
up(&dpm_list_sem);
}
/**
* resume_device - Restore state for one device.
* @dev: Device.
*
*/
int resume_device(struct device * dev)
{
int error = 0;
down(&dev->sem);
if (dev->power.pm_parent
&& dev->power.pm_parent->power.power_state.event) {
dev_err(dev, "PM: resume from %d, parent %s still %d/n",
dev->power.power_state.event,
dev->power.pm_parent->bus_id,
dev->power.pm_parent->power.power_state.event);
}
if (dev->bus && dev->bus->resume) {
dev_dbg(dev,"resuming/n");
error = dev->bus->resume(dev); //bus的resume, 相对应我们说的bus的suspend
}
up(&dev->sem);
return error;
}
6. 体系相关的操作,
到这里, 我们只是剩下如下这些函数操作没说了, 这是真正执行硬件指令的操作.
/*
* Set to PM_DISK_FIRMWARE so we can quickly veto suspend-to-disk.
*/
static struct pm_ops s3c2410_pm_ops = {
.pm_disk_mode = PM_DISK_FIRMWARE,
.prepare = s3c2410_pm_prepare,
.enter = s3c2410_pm_enter,
.finish = s3c2410_pm_finish,
};
再看看(2)中的enter_state():
/**
* enter_state - Do common work of entering low-power state.
* @state: pm_state structure for state we're entering.
*
* Make sure we're the only ones trying to enter a sleep state. Fail
* if someone has beat us to it, since we don't want anything weird to
* happen when we wake up.
* Then, do the setup for suspend, enter the state, and cleaup (after
* we've woken up).
*/
static int enter_state(suspend_state_t state)
{
int error;
//获得锁, 参见注释
if (down_trylock(&pm_sem))
return -EBUSY;
//挂起磁盘的请求, 不是我我们的请求
if (state == PM_SUSPEND_DISK) {
error = pm_suspend_disk();
goto Unlock;
}
//prepare阶段
pr_debug("PM: Preparing system for %s sleep/n", pm_states[state]);
if ((error = suspend_prepare(state)))
goto Unlock;
//进入阶段
pr_debug("PM: Entering %s sleep/n", pm_states[state]);
error = suspend_enter(state);
//完成挂起, 恢复状态
pr_debug("PM: Finishing wakeup./n");
suspend_finish(state);
Unlock:
up(&pm_sem);
return error;
}
可以看到, 状态的转换分三个阶段, 分别为prepare, enter, finish.
我们已经再二中说明, 这三个阶段通过体系无关的函数,
最终会调用与体系结构相关的函数.
他们分别是:
pm_ops->prepare(state)
pm_ops->enter(state)
pm_ops->finish(state)
这个pm_ops就是在体系结构初始化的时候注册进来的,
接着看arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/pm.c
/*
* Set to PM_DISK_FIRMWARE so we can quickly veto suspend-to-disk.
*/
static struct pm_ops s3c2410_pm_ops = {
.pm_disk_mode = PM_DISK_FIRMWARE,
.prepare = s3c2410_pm_prepare,
.enter = s3c2410_pm_enter,
.finish = s3c2410_pm_finish,
};
/* s3c2410_pm_init
*
* Attach the power management functions. This should be called
* from the board specific initialisation if the board supports
* it.
*/
int __init s3c2410_pm_init(void)
{
printk("S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics/n");
pm_set_ops(&s3c2410_pm_ops);
return 0;
}
这就是实现三个状态转换的三个钩子函数.
/**
* pm_set_ops - Set the global power method table.
* @ops: Pointer to ops structure.
*/
//这个函数较为简单, 只是将/kerenel/power/main.c里的全局变量pm_ops设置成
s3c2410_pm_ops而已了.
//这就完成了这个全局变量的初始化.后续对pm_ops的访问实质上都是访问
s3c2410_pm_ops.
void pm_set_ops(struct pm_ops * ops)
{
down(&pm_sem);
pm_ops = ops;
up(&pm_sem);
}
接着再看他们的实现:
先从最简单的开始,
/*
* Called after processes are frozen, but before we shut down devices.
*/
static int s3c2410_pm_prepare(suspend_state_t state)
{
return 0;
}
/*
* Called after devices are re-setup, but before processes are thawed.
*/
static int s3c2410_pm_finish(suspend_state_t state)
{
return 0;
}
如上, 可以看到, prepare和finishi在这个体系中都是空操作, 就是说, 对于s3c2410,
无需特殊的工作.
而这个结构的核心就是剩下的s3c2410_pm_enter了. 它真正实现suspend/resume
的状态转换.
#define any_allowed(mask, allow) (((mask) & (allow)) != (allow))
/* s3c2410_pm_enter
*
* central control for sleep/resume process
*/
static int s3c2410_pm_enter(suspend_state_t state)
{
unsigned long regs_save[16]; //用于保存16个通用寄存器的栈
unsigned long tmp;
/* ensure the debug is initialised (if enabled) */
s3c2410_pm_debug_init();
DBG("s3c2410_pm_enter(%d)/n", state);
if (state != PM_SUSPEND_MEM) {
printk(KERN_ERR PFX "error: only PM_SUSPEND_MEM supported/n");
return -EINVAL;
}
/* check if we have anything to wake-up with... bad things seem
* to happen if you suspend with no wakeup (system will often
* require a full power-cycle)
*/
//检查允许的唤醒中断
if (!any_allowed(s3c_irqwake_intmask, s3c_irqwake_intallow) &&
!any_allowed(s3c_irqwake_eintmask, s3c_irqwake_eintallow)) {
printk(KERN_ERR PFX "No sources enabled for wake-up!/n");
printk(KERN_ERR PFX "Aborting sleep/n");
return -EINVAL;
}
/* prepare check area if configured */
//一些准备工作
s3c2410_pm_check_prepare();
/* store the physical address of the register recovery block */
//寄存器的物理地址
s3c2410_sleep_save_phys = virt_to_phys(regs_save);
DBG("s3c2410_sleep_save_phys=0x%08lx/n", s3c2410_sleep_save_phys);
/* ensure at least GESTATUS3 has the resume address */
//将系统被唤醒后执行的函数s3c2410_cpu_resume物理地址写入S3C2410_GSTATUS3.
__raw_writel(virt_to_phys(s3c2410_cpu_resume), S3C2410_GSTATUS3);
DBG("GSTATUS3 0x%08x/n", __raw_readl(S3C2410_GSTATUS3));
DBG("GSTATUS4 0x%08x/n", __raw_readl(S3C2410_GSTATUS4));
/* save all necessary core registers not covered by the drivers */
//保存不属于driver的核心寄存器, driver的各自保存
s3c2410_pm_do_save(gpio_save, ARRAY_SIZE(gpio_save));
s3c2410_pm_do_save(irq_save, ARRAY_SIZE(irq_save));
s3c2410_pm_do_save(core_save, ARRAY_SIZE(core_save));
s3c2410_pm_do_save(uart_save, ARRAY_SIZE(uart_save));
/* set the irq configuration for wake */
//设置外部中断用于唤醒
s3c2410_pm_configure_extint();
DBG("sleep: irq wakeup masks: %08lx,%08lx/n",
s3c_irqwake_intmask, s3c_irqwake_eintmask);
//开中断??
__raw_writel(s3c_irqwake_intmask, S3C2410_INTMSK);
__raw_writel(s3c_irqwake_eintmask, S3C2410_EINTMASK);
/* ack any outstanding external interrupts before we go to sleep */
__raw_writel(__raw_readl(S3C2410_EINTPEND), S3C2410_EINTPEND);
/* flush cache back to ram */
arm920_flush_kern_cache_all();
s3c2410_pm_check_store();
/* send the cpu to sleep... */
//关闭时钟
__raw_writel(0x00, S3C2410_CLKCON); /* turn off clocks over sleep */
//系统进入睡眠, 寄存器值保存在(regs_save)中.
//这个函数和上面的s3c2410_cpu_resume(),都是汇编实现的, 在sleep.S中
s3c2410_cpu_suspend(regs_save);
//当接收到一个外部中断时,系统开始恢复
/* restore the cpu state */
cpu_init();
/* unset the return-from-sleep flag, to ensure reset */
tmp = __raw_readl(S3C2410_GSTATUS2);
tmp &= S3C2410_GSTATUS2_OFFRESET;
__raw_writel(tmp, S3C2410_GSTATUS2);
/* restore the system state */
//上面save的逆操作
s3c2410_pm_do_restore_core(core_save, ARRAY_SIZE(core_save));
s3c2410_pm_do_restore(gpio_save, ARRAY_SIZE(gpio_save));
s3c2410_pm_do_restore(irq_save, ARRAY_SIZE(irq_save));
s3c2410_pm_do_restore(uart_save, ARRAY_SIZE(uart_save));
//一下均是上面的一些准备工作的逆操作
s3c2410_pm_debug_init();
/* check what irq (if any) restored the system */
DBG("post sleep: IRQs 0x%08x, 0x%08x/n",
__raw_readl(S3C2410_SRCPND),
__raw_readl(S3C2410_EINTPEND));
s3c2410_pm_show_resume_irqs(IRQ_EINT0, __raw_readl(S3C2410_SRCPND),
s3c_irqwake_intmask);
s3c2410_pm_show_resume_irqs(IRQ_EINT4-4, __raw_readl(S3C2410_EINTPEND),
s3c_irqwake_eintmask);
DBG("post sleep, preparing to return/n");
s3c2410_pm_check_restore();
/* ok, let's return from sleep */
DBG("S3C2410 PM Resume (post-restore)/n");
return 0;
}
a. 首先是通过
if (!any_allowed(s3c_irqwake_intmask, s3c_irqwake_intallow) &&
!any_allowed(s3c_irqwake_eintmask, s3c_irqwake_eintallow)) {
......
}
检查唤醒中断, 如果不存在唤醒中断源, 那系统就不允许suspend,
否则就没人将它唤醒了.
/* state for IRQs over sleep */
/* default is to allow for EINT0..EINT15, and IRQ_RTC as wakeup sources
*
* set bit to 1 in allow bitfield to enable the wakeup settings on it
*/
//默认是[4-15]和RTC
unsigned long s3c_irqwake_intallow = 1L << (IRQ_RTC - IRQ_EINT0) | 0xfL;
unsigned long s3c_irqwake_intmask = 0xffffffffL;
unsigned long s3c_irqwake_eintallow = 0x0000fff0L;
unsigned long s3c_irqwake_eintmask = 0xffffffffL;
b.接着是
/* ensure at least GESTATUS3 has the resume address */
//将系统被唤醒后执行的函数s3c2410_cpu_resume物理地址写入S3C2410_GSTATUS3.
__raw_writel(virt_to_phys(s3c2410_cpu_resume), S3C2410_GSTATUS3);
s3c2410_cpu_resume/s3c2410_cpu_suspend 这对逆操作定义在sleep.S中, 是汇编的实现.
c. 然后就是s3c2410_pm_do_save/s3c2410_pm_do_restore了,
这个宏定义就是用于保存/恢复核心的寄存器值.
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