spi 外设驱动(spi_driver)

spi驱动模型和i2c的类似，都按照主机外设分离来设计的。但我觉得比i2c的要简明好多。
上文配置的spi驱动最外层是platform总线然后是spi总线然后是字符设备。
spi驱动模型分为
spi主控制器驱动，对应结构体spi_master-spi_s3c24xx.c。控制怎么发。
spi外设驱动，对应结构体spi_driver-----spidev.c。实现与用户的接口。
***************************************************************************************
对于te6410,linux2.6.36.2  2012-6-10 
在板子文件mach-smdk6410.c中注册平台设备，
在spi_s3c64xx.c中使用platform_driver_probe(platform_driver_register)注册平台驱动，
在平台驱动的probe函数中，注册使用spi_register_master注册spi主机控制器驱动，实现操作spi寄存器。
在 spidev.c中使用spi_register_driver注册spi外设驱动。并注册字符设备实现与用户空间的接口。或者不使用字符设备也行，比如mcp2515没有使用字符设备，而是按照net_device的思路来实现用户接口的。

由于平台设备写进了板子文件，所以在系统启动时会自动注册这个平台设备及将其挂在平台总线。由于平台驱动也编译进了内核，所以也会自动注册即也挂在了平台总线。平台核心会匹配两者，
成功后，调用平台驱动的probe函数来注册spi主机控制器驱动此时会将主机控制器驱动挂在spi总线。在spi外设驱动insmod进内核时即也挂上了spi总线，spi核心会匹配两者，
成功后，调用spi外设驱动的probe函数实现真正的用户接口比如cdev，net_device。

而在spi外设驱动实现的read,write等函数，最终调用的是匹配的spi主机控制器驱动的transfer()

***************************************************************************************
关于spi_driver和spi_device的匹配：
spi_driver中name字段
static struct spi_driver spidev_spi_driver = {
    .driver = {
        .name =        "spidev",
        .owner =    THIS_MODULE,
    },
...
}
和mach-smdk6410.c中的modalias字段
static struct spi_board_info s3c2410_spi0_board[] = {  
        [0] = {  
                 .modalias = "spidev", 
                .bus_num        = 0,    
                .chip_select        = 0, 
                .max_speed_hz         = 500*1000,  
        },  
}; 
要一致才行。
如果使用id_table来匹配则id_table中的项目要与spi_board_info中的modalias 匹配( 假如.modalias = "mcp2515", )，则在mcp251x.c中

static const struct spi_device_id mcp251x_id_table[] = {
    { "mcp2510",    CAN_MCP251X_MCP2510 },
    { "mcp2515",    CAN_MCP251X_MCP2515 },//必须的
    { },
};

MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(spi, mcp251x_id_table);

static struct spi_driver mcp251x_can_driver = {
    .driver = {
        .name = "mcp2515",//无关,可以不是mcp2515
        .bus = &spi_bus_type,
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    },

    .id_table = mcp251x_id_table,
}

匹配原理
spi_master注册过程中会扫描arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c 中调用spi_register_board_info注册的信息，为每一个与本总线编号相同的信息建立一个spi_device。
根据Linux内核的驱动模型，注册在同一总线下的驱动和设备会进行匹配。spi_bus_type总线匹配的依据是名字。这样当自己编写的spi_driver和spi_device同名的时候，
spi_driver的probe方法就会被调用。spi_driver就能看到与自己匹配的spi_device了。
http://blog.csdn.net/yuanlulu/article/details/6318165

如果有idtable的话，就匹配idtable里各个项目的name,这样就可以支持多个name了,如源码
spi.c

static int spi_match_device(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
	const struct spi_device	*spi = to_spi_device(dev);
	const struct spi_driver	*sdrv = to_spi_driver(drv);

	/* Attempt an OF style match */
	if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
		return 1;

	if (sdrv->id_table)
		return !!spi_match_id(sdrv->id_table, spi);

	return strcmp(spi->modalias, drv->name) == 0;
}

static const struct spi_device_id *spi_match_id(const struct spi_device_id *id,
                        const struct spi_device *sdev)
{
    while (id->name[0]) {
        if (!strcmp(sdev->modalias, id->name))
            return id;
        id++;
    }
    return NULL;
}

***************************************************************************************
在spidev.c实现了spi的字符设备驱动

static struct spi_driver spidev_spi_driver = {
	.driver = {
		.name =		"spidev",
		.owner =	THIS_MODULE,
	},
	.probe =	spidev_probe,
	.remove =	__devexit_p(spidev_remove),


	/* NOTE:  suspend/resume methods are not necessary here.
	 * We don't do anything except pass the requests to/from
	 * the underlying controller.  The refrigerator handles
	 * most issues; the controller driver handles the rest.
	 */
};
static int __init spidev_init(void)
{
	int status;


	/* Claim our 256 reserved device numbers.  Then register a class
	 * that will key udev/mdev to add/remove /dev nodes.  Last, register
	 * the driver which manages those device numbers.
	 */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(N_SPI_MINORS > 256);
	status = register_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, "spi", &spidev_fops);//注册字符设备，这个才是真的用户接口
	if (status < 0)
		return status;


	spidev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "spidev");
	if (IS_ERR(spidev_class)) {
		unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi_driver.driver.name);
		return PTR_ERR(spidev_class);
	}


	status = spi_register_driver(&spidev_spi_driver);//注册spi_driver
	if (status < 0) {
		class_destroy(spidev_class);
		unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi_driver.driver.name);
	}
	return status;
}

static const struct file_operations spidev_fops = {
	.owner =	THIS_MODULE,
	/* REVISIT switch to aio primitives, so that userspace
	 * gets more complete API coverage.  It'll simplify things
	 * too, except for the locking.
	 */
	.write =	spidev_write,
	.read =		spidev_read,
	.unlocked_ioctl = spidev_ioctl,
	.open =		spidev_open,
	.release =	spidev_release,
};
static int __devinit spidev_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
{
	struct spidev_data	*spidev;
	int			status;
	unsigned long		minor;

	/* Allocate driver data */
	spidev = kzalloc(sizeof(*spidev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!spidev)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* Initialize the driver data */
	spidev->spi = spi;
	spin_lock_init(&spidev->spi_lock);
	mutex_init(&spidev->buf_lock);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&spidev->device_entry);

	/* If we can allocate a minor number, hook up this device.
	 * Reusing minors is fine so long as udev or mdev is working.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&device_list_lock);
	minor = find_first_zero_bit(minors, N_SPI_MINORS);
	if (minor < N_SPI_MINORS) {
		struct device *dev;

		spidev->devt = MKDEV(SPIDEV_MAJOR, minor);
		dev = device_create(spidev_class, &spi->dev, spidev->devt,
				    spidev, "spidev%d.%d",
				    spi->master->bus_num, spi->chip_select);//创建设备文件
		status = IS_ERR(dev) ? PTR_ERR(dev) : 0;
	} else {
		dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "no minor number available!\n");
		status = -ENODEV;
	}
	if (status == 0) {
		set_bit(minor, minors);
		list_add(&spidev->device_entry, &device_list);
	}
	mutex_unlock(&device_list_lock);

	if (status == 0)
		spi_set_drvdata(spi, spidev);
	else
		kfree(spidev);

	return status;
}


//spi读，调用spidev_sync_read--spidev_sync--spi_async,最后这个函数是spi核心提供的，这个函数最终会调用master的transfer函数直接操作硬件来传输数据。
/* Read-only message with current device setup */
static ssize_t
spidev_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
	struct spidev_data	*spidev;
	ssize_t			status = 0;


	/* chipselect only toggles at start or end of operation */
	if (count > bufsiz)
		return -EMSGSIZE;


	spidev = filp->private_data;


	mutex_lock(&spidev->buf_lock);
	status = spidev_sync_read(spidev, count);
	if (status > 0) {
		unsigned long	missing;


		missing = copy_to_user(buf, spidev->buffer, status);
		if (missing == status)
			status = -EFAULT;
		else
			status = status - missing;
	}
	mutex_unlock(&spidev->buf_lock);
	return status;
}


static inline ssize_t
spidev_sync_read(struct spidev_data *spidev, size_t len)
{
	struct spi_transfer	t = {
			.rx_buf		= spidev->buffer,
			.len		= len,
		};
	struct spi_message	m;


	spi_message_init(&m);//初始化spi_message，
	spi_message_add_tail(&t, &m);
	return spidev_sync(spidev, &m);
}

static ssize_t
spidev_sync(struct spidev_data *spidev, struct spi_message *message)
{
	DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
	int status;


	message->complete = spidev_complete;
	message->context = &done;


	spin_lock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
	if (spidev->spi == NULL)
		status = -ESHUTDOWN;
	else
		status = spi_async(spidev->spi, message);//异步传输，如果是同步传输，则会阻塞一直到这个消息被处理完。
	spin_unlock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);


	if (status == 0) {
		wait_for_completion(&done);
		status = message->status;
		if (status == 0)
			status = message->actual_length;
	}
	return status;
}



//spi写，调用spidev_sync_write--spidev_sync--spi_async,最后这个函数是spi核心提供的，这个函数最终会调用master的transfer函数直接操作硬件来传输数据。
/* Write-only message with current device setup */
static ssize_t
spidev_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
		size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
	struct spidev_data	*spidev;
	ssize_t			status = 0;
	unsigned long		missing;


	/* chipselect only toggles at start or end of operation */
	if (count > bufsiz)
		return -EMSGSIZE;


	spidev = filp->private_data;


	mutex_lock(&spidev->buf_lock);
	missing = copy_from_user(spidev->buffer, buf, count);
	if (missing == 0) {
		status = spidev_sync_write(spidev, count);
	} else
		status = -EFAULT;
	mutex_unlock(&spidev->buf_lock);


	return status;
}

http://blog.csdn.net/songqqnew/article/details/7037583