c++ winpcap开发(6)

既然我们能够捕获和过滤网络流量，我们希望把我们的知识与一个简单的“现实世界”应用程序一起使用。

在本课中，我们将从以前的课程中获取代码，并使用这些代码构建更有用的程序。当前程序的主要目的是显示如何解析和解释捕获的数据包的协议头。生成的应用程序UDPdump打印了我们网络上UDP流量的摘要。

我们选择解析和显示UDP协议，因为它比其他协议（如TCP）更易于访问，因此是一个很好的初始示例。我们来看看代码：

#include "pcap.h"

/* 4 bytes IP address */
typedef struct ip_address{
    u_char byte1;
    u_char byte2;
    u_char byte3;
    u_char byte4;
}ip_address;

/* IPv4 header */
typedef struct ip_header{
    u_char  ver_ihl;        // Version (4 bits) + Internet header length (4 bits)
    u_char  tos;            // Type of service 
    u_short tlen;           // Total length 
    u_short identification; // Identification
    u_short flags_fo;       // Flags (3 bits) + Fragment offset (13 bits)
    u_char  ttl;            // Time to live
    u_char  proto;          // Protocol
    u_short crc;            // Header checksum
    ip_address  saddr;      // Source address
    ip_address  daddr;      // Destination address
    u_int   op_pad;         // Option + Padding
}ip_header;

/* UDP header*/
typedef struct udp_header{
    u_short sport;          // Source port
    u_short dport;          // Destination port
    u_short len;            // Datagram length
    u_short crc;            // Checksum
}udp_header;

/* prototype of the packet handler */
void packet_handler(u_char *param, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data);


int main()
{
pcap_if_t *alldevs;
pcap_if_t *d;
int inum;
int i=0;
pcap_t *adhandle;
char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
u_int netmask;
char packet_filter[] = "ip and udp";
struct bpf_program fcode;

    /* Retrieve the device list */
    if (pcap_findalldevs_ex(PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING, NULL, &alldevs, errbuf) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n", errbuf);
        exit(1);
    }
    
    /* Print the list */
    for(d=alldevs; d; d=d->next)
    {
        printf("%d. %s", ++i, d->name);
        if (d->description)
            printf(" (%s)\n", d->description);
        else
            printf(" (No description available)\n");
    }

    if(i==0)
    {
        printf("\nNo interfaces found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    
    printf("Enter the interface number (1-%d):",i);
    scanf_s("%d", &inum);
    
    if(inum < 1 || inum > i)
    {
        printf("\nInterface number out of range.\n");
        /* Free the device list */
        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
        return -1;
    }

    /* Jump to the selected adapter */
    for(d=alldevs, i=0; i< inum-1 ;d=d->next, i++);
    
    /* Open the adapter */
    if ( (adhandle= pcap_open(d->name,  // name of the device
                             65536,     // portion of the packet to capture. 
                                        // 65536 grants that the whole packet will be captured on all the MACs.
                             PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS,         // promiscuous mode
                             1000,      // read timeout
                             NULL,      // remote authentication
                             errbuf     // error buffer
                             ) ) == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"\nUnable to open the adapter. %s is not supported by WinPcap\n");
        /* Free the device list */
        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
        return -1;
    }
    
    /* Check the link layer. We support only Ethernet for simplicity. */
    if(pcap_datalink(adhandle) != DLT_EN10MB)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"\nThis program works only on Ethernet networks.\n");
        /* Free the device list */
        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
        return -1;
    }
    
    if(d->addresses != NULL)
        /* Retrieve the mask of the first address of the interface */
        netmask=((struct sockaddr_in *)(d->addresses->netmask))->sin_addr.S_un.S_addr;
    else
        /* If the interface is without addresses we suppose to be in a C class network */
        netmask=0xffffff; 


    //compile the filter
    if (pcap_compile(adhandle, &fcode, packet_filter, 1, netmask) <0 )
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"\nUnable to compile the packet filter. Check the syntax.\n");
        /* Free the device list */
        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
        return -1;
    }
    
    //set the filter
    if (pcap_setfilter(adhandle, &fcode)<0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"\nError setting the filter.\n");
        /* Free the device list */
        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
        return -1;
    }
    
    printf("\nlistening on %s...\n", d->description);
    
    /* At this point, we don't need any more the device list. Free it */
    pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
    
    /* start the capture */
    pcap_loop(adhandle, 0, packet_handler, NULL);
    
    return 0;
}

/* Callback function invoked by libpcap for every incoming packet */
void packet_handler(u_char *param, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data)
{
    struct tm ltime;
    char timestr[16];
    ip_header *ih;
    udp_header *uh;
    u_int ip_len;
    u_short sport,dport;
    time_t local_tv_sec;

    /*
     * Unused variable
     */
    (VOID)(param);

    /* convert the timestamp to readable format */
    local_tv_sec = header->ts.tv_sec;
    localtime_s(<ime, &local_tv_sec);
    strftime( timestr, sizeof timestr, "%H:%M:%S", <ime);

    /* print timestamp and length of the packet */
    printf("%s.%.6d len:%d ", timestr, header->ts.tv_usec, header->len);

    /* retireve the position of the ip header */
    ih = (ip_header *) (pkt_data +
        14); //length of ethernet header

    /* retireve the position of the udp header */
    ip_len = (ih->ver_ihl & 0xf) * 4;
    uh = (udp_header *) ((u_char*)ih + ip_len);

    /* convert from network byte order to host byte order */
    sport = ntohs( uh->sport );
    dport = ntohs( uh->dport );

    /* print ip addresses and udp ports */
    printf("%d.%d.%d.%d.%d -> %d.%d.%d.%d.%d\n",
        ih->saddr.byte1,
        ih->saddr.byte2,
        ih->saddr.byte3,
        ih->saddr.byte4,
        sport,
        ih->daddr.byte1,
        ih->daddr.byte2,
        ih->daddr.byte3,
        ih->daddr.byte4,
        dport);
}

首先，我们将过滤器设置为“ip和udp”。以这种方式，我们确信packet_handler（）只能通过IPv4接收UDP数据包：这简化了解析并提高了程序的效率。

我们还创建了几个描述IP和UDP头文件的结构体。这些结构体被packet_handler（）用于正确定位各种标题字段。

packet_handler（）虽然限于单个协议解析器（UDP over IPv4），但是显示了像tcpdump / WinDump这样复杂的“嗅探器”如何解码网络流量。由于我们对MAC头不感兴趣，所以我们跳过它。为了简单起见，在开始捕获之前，我们使用pcap_datalink（）检查MAC层，以确保我们正在处理以太网。这样我们可以确定MAC头部正好是14个字节。

IP头位于MAC头之后。我们将从IP头提取IP源和目标地址。

由于IP头不具有固定的长度，所以到达UDP头是有点复杂的。因此，我们使用IP头的长度字段来知道它的大小。一旦我们知道UDP头的位置，我们就提取了源和目标端口。

提取的值打印在屏幕上，结果如下：

1. \Device\Packet_{A7FD048A-5D4B-478E-B3C1-34401AC3B72F} (Xircom t 10/100 Adapter) 
Enter the interface number (1-2):1


listening on Xircom CardBus Ethernet 10/100 Adapter... 
16:13:15.312784 len:87 130.192.31.67.2682 -> 130.192.3.21.53 
16:13:15.314796 len:137 130.192.3.21.53 -> 130.192.31.67.2682 
16:13:15.322101 len:78 130.192.31.67.2683 -> 130.192.3.21.53 


最后3行中的每一行代表不同的数据包。