linux 管理磁盘

环境：
ubuntu 15.04

学习有关磁盘的一些操作及概念，挂载，文件系统，创建ios文件，移动硬盘分区及格式化。

edemon@linux:~$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom     #创建挂载目录
[sudo] password for edemon:   
edemon@linux:~$ cd /mnt
edemon@linux:/mnt$ sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom   # mount挂载
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only   #只读方式挂载
edemon@linux:~$ cd /mnt/cdrom
edemon@linux:/mnt/cdrom$ ls
autorun.inf  dists     md5sum.txt  preseed             wubi.exe
boot         install   pics        README.diskdefines
casper       isolinux  pool        ubuntu
edemon@linux:/mnt/cdrom$ cd 
edemon@linux:~$ sudo umount /dev/cdrom   #卸载挂载的光盘
edemon@linux:~$ cd /mnt/cdrom
edemon@linux:/mnt/cdrom$ ls
edemon@linux:/mnt/cdrom$ 

通过文件操作硬件，每个文件都有不同的含义，如 /dev/disk/sda1  代表第一块硬盘上的第一个主分区 

存储设备不能直接访问（打开），必须先挂载到一个目录中。

查看linux下挂载分区情况：

edemon@linux:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for edemon: 

Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2ac21aa0

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 39845887 39843840   19G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       39847934 41940991  2093058 1022M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       39847936 41940991  2093056 1022M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

插上移动硬盘后，查看会发现多了一个设备文件：

edemon@linux:~$ sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2ac21aa0

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 39845887 39843840   19G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       39847934 41940991  2093058 1022M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       39847936 41940991  2093056 1022M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 465.7 GiB, 500074283008 bytes, 976707584 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6f32fa54

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 976707583 976705536 465.7G  7

挂载查看移动硬盘的内容：

edemon@linux:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb1
Mount is denied because the NTFS volume is already exclusively opened.
The volume may be already mounted, or another software may use it which
could be identified for example by the help of the 'fuser' command.
edemon@linux:~$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1
edemon@linux:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb1
edemon@linux:~$ cd