Android的应用进程启动是apk在manifest里申明的Activity,Service,BroadcastReceiver等组件被调起时而触发的。我们以Activity为例,当点击桌面上的应用图标时,桌面会调用startActivity,启动manifest里申明的相应Launcher的Activity,而Activity的startActivity会通过Binder调用来到ActivityManagerService(AMS)里。AMS是system_server的一个服务,负责管理Android系统的所有Activity的栈,逻辑比较复杂,在这里就不详细分析,以后专门写AMS的专题。AMS里startActivity的时候,如果发现这个应用进程没有启动,那么就会通过Zygote创建出这个进程。
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java:
private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,
String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) {
...
...
Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start("android.app.ActivityThread",
app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, null);
...
...
}
显然是通过调用Process.start来启动进程,”android.app.ActivityThread” 这个参数是整个进程启动的入口类,后续的分析可以看到,进程被fork出来之后,就会调用android.app.ActivityThread的main函数。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java:
public static final ProcessStartResult start(final String processClass,
final String niceName,
int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
int targetSdkVersion,
String seInfo,
String[] zygoteArgs) {
try {
return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo, zygoteArgs);
} catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG,
"Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
throw new RuntimeException(
"Starting VM process through Zygote failed", ex);
}
}
private static ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(final String processClass,
final String niceName,
final int uid, final int gid,
final int[] gids,
int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
int targetSdkVersion,
String seInfo,
String[] extraArgs)
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
synchronized(Process.class) {
ArrayList<String> argsForZygote = new ArrayList<String>();
// --runtime-init, --setuid=, --setgid=,
// and --setgroups= must go first
argsForZygote.add("--runtime-init");
argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JNI_LOGGING) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-jni-logging");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_SAFEMODE) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-safemode");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_CHECKJNI) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-checkjni");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_ASSERT) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-assert");
}
if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-multiuser");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER_ALL) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-multiuser-all");
}
argsForZygote.add("--target-sdk-version=" + targetSdkVersion);
//TODO optionally enable debuger
//argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
// --setgroups is a comma-separated list
if (gids != null && gids.length > 0) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("--setgroups=");
int sz = gids.length;
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
sb.append(',');
}
sb.append(gids[i]);
}
argsForZygote.add(sb.toString());
}
if (niceName != null) {
argsForZygote.add("--nice-name=" + niceName);
}
if (seInfo != null) {
argsForZygote.add("--seinfo=" + seInfo);
}
argsForZygote.add(processClass);
if (extraArgs != null) {
for (String arg : extraArgs) {
argsForZygote.add(arg);
}
}
return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi), argsForZygote);
}
}
private static ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
if (primaryZygoteState == null || primaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
try {
primaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(ZYGOTE_SOCKET);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Error connecting to primary zygote", ioe);
}
}
if (primaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
return primaryZygoteState;
}