看art虚拟机也有一段时间了,是时候写点什么出来了。早先看art的时候,发现不是太能理解,所以就恶补了一下dalvik虚拟机,所以有了之前的dalvik系列,等再次回头看art的时候,确实轻松了不少。
art从Android L开始正式替换dalvik,成为Android的默认虚拟机,网上很多分析ART的文章都是基于KK的art源码,L的art源码和之前KK的差别比较大,L开始art才走向成熟,我们的分析则是基于L上的art。art的运行方式是AOT(Ahead Of Time),AOT和JIT(Just In Time)对应,JIT是即时编译,而AOT是提前编译,在apk安装的时候,由dex2oat将dex编译成oat文件。oat是扩展的elf文件,elf的文件结构不在这里详述,我几年前的文章《linker and loader 读书笔记》里有介绍。oat文件包含了类的各个method的native代码,会在apk运行时被加载。
我们来看art是怎么工作的:《 深入理解Dalvik虚拟机- Android进程启动过程》这篇文章介绍了Android的进程启动过程,不管是art还是dalvik,apk的启动过程都是一样的,不一样的是JavaVM和JNIEnv的创建的代码实现不同。JavaVM和JNIEnv这两个是Java虚拟机的核心接口,art和dalvik有其各自不同的实现。
#if defined(__cplusplus)
typedef _JNIEnv JNIEnv;
typedef _JavaVM JavaVM;
#else
typedef const struct JNINativeInterface* JNIEnv;
typedef const struct JNIInvokeInterface* JavaVM;
#endif
struct JNIInvokeInterface {
void* reserved0;
void* reserved1;
void* reserved2;
jint (*DestroyJavaVM)(JavaVM*);
jint (*AttachCurrentThread)(JavaVM*, JNIEnv**, void*);
jint (*DetachCurrentThread)(JavaVM*);
jint (*GetEnv)(JavaVM*, void**, jint);
jint (*AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon)(JavaVM*, JNIEnv**, void*);
};
struct _JavaVM {
const struct JNIInvokeInterface* functions;
#if defined(__cplusplus)
jint DestroyJavaVM()
{ return functions->DestroyJavaVM(this); }
jint AttachCurrentThread(JNIEnv** p_env, void* thr_args)
{ return functions->AttachCurrentThread(this, p_env, thr_args); }
jint DetachCurrentThread()
{ return functions->DetachCurrentThread(this); }
jint GetEnv(void** env, jint version)
{ return functions->GetEnv(this, env, version); }
jint AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon(JNIEnv** p_env, void* thr_args)
{ return functions->AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon(this, p_env, thr_args); }
#endif /*__cplusplus*/
};
可见JavaVM的主要接口如下:
AttachCurrentThread — 将当前的Thread attach到JavaVM,主要是生成JniEnv对象,JniEnv对象是属于线程的,不同的线程有自己的JniEnv。JavaVM创建的时候,会在当前线程自动attach作为Java的主线程,Java->Native的JNI调用就是走这个线程,而如果你想在自己的pthread里调用Java的代码的话,就需要调用AttachCurrentThread,得到JniEnv才能执行Java代码。
DetachCurrentThread — Detach当前线程,销毁JniEnv。
GetEnv — 获得当前线程的JNIEnv,JNI是线程相关的,只有Attach过的线程,才有JniEnv对象。
DestoryJavaVM — 销毁JavaVM。
JavaVM是全局的,而JNIEnv是线程相关的,JNIEnv定义了所有的JNI调用的接口:
struct JNINativeInterface {
void* reserved0;
void* reserved1;
void* reserved2;
void* reserved3;
jint (*GetVersion)(JNIEnv *);
jclass (*DefineClass)(JNIEnv*, const char*, jobject, const jbyte*,
jsize);
jclass (*FindClass)(JNIEnv*, const char*);
jmethodID (*FromReflectedMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
jfieldID (*FromReflectedField)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
/* spec doesn't show jboolean parameter */
jobject (*ToReflectedMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jboolean);
jclass (*GetSuperclass)(JNIEnv*, jclass);
jboolean (*IsAssignableFrom)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jclass);
/* spec doesn't show jboolean parameter */
jobject (*ToReflectedField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jboolean);
jint (*Throw)(JNIEnv*, jthrowable);
jint (*ThrowNew)(JNIEnv *, jclass, const char *);
jthrowable (*ExceptionOccurred)(JNIEnv*);
void (*ExceptionDescribe)(JNIEnv*);
void (*ExceptionClear)(JNIEnv*);
void (*FatalError)(JNIEnv*, const char*);
jint (*PushLocalFrame)(JNIEnv*, jint);
jobject (*PopLocalFrame)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
jobject (*NewGlobalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
void (*DeleteGlobalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
void (*DeleteLocalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
jboolean (*IsSameObject)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jobject);
jobject (*NewLocalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
jint (*EnsureLocalCapacity)(JNIEnv*, jint);
jobject (*AllocObject)(JNIEnv*, jclass);
jobject (*NewObject)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jobject (*NewObjectV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jobject (*NewObjectA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jclass (*GetObjectClass)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
jboolean (*IsInstanceOf)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass);
jmethodID (*GetMethodID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*, const char*);
jobject (*CallObjectMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jobject (*CallObjectMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jobject (*CallObjectMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jboolean (*CallBooleanMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jboolean (*CallBooleanMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jboolean (*CallBooleanMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jbyte (*CallByteMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jbyte (*CallByteMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jbyte (*CallByteMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jchar (*CallCharMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jchar (*CallCharMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jchar (*CallCharMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jshort (*CallShortMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jshort (*CallShortMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jshort (*CallShortMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jint (*CallIntMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jint (*CallIntMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jint (*CallIntMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jlong (*CallLongMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jlong (*CallLongMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jlong (*CallLongMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jfloat (*CallFloatMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jfloat (*CallFloatMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jfloat (*CallFloatMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jdouble (*CallDoubleMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
jdouble (*CallDoubleMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
jdouble (*CallDoubleMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
void (*CallVoidMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
void (*CallVoidMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
void (*CallVoidMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jobject (*CallNonvirtualObjectMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jobject (*CallNonvirtualObjectMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jobject (*CallNonvirtualObjectMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jboolean (*CallNonvirtualBooleanMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jboolean (*CallNonvirtualBooleanMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jboolean (*CallNonvirtualBooleanMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jbyte (*CallNonvirtualByteMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jbyte (*CallNonvirtualByteMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jbyte (*CallNonvirtualByteMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jchar (*CallNonvirtualCharMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jchar (*CallNonvirtualCharMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jchar (*CallNonvirtualCharMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jshort (*CallNonvirtualShortMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jshort (*CallNonvirtualShortMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jshort (*CallNonvirtualShortMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jint (*CallNonvirtualIntMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jint (*CallNonvirtualIntMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jint (*CallNonvirtualIntMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jlong (*CallNonvirtualLongMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jlong (*CallNonvirtualLongMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jlong (*CallNonvirtualLongMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jfloat (*CallNonvirtualFloatMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jfloat (*CallNonvirtualFloatMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jfloat (*CallNonvirtualFloatMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jdouble (*CallNonvirtualDoubleMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
jdouble (*CallNonvirtualDoubleMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
jdouble (*CallNonvirtualDoubleMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
void (*CallNonvirtualVoidMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, ...);
void (*CallNonvirtualVoidMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, va_list);
void (*CallNonvirtualVoidMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
jmethodID, jvalue*);
jfieldID (*GetFieldID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*, const char*);
jobject (*GetObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jboolean (*GetBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jbyte (*GetByteField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jchar (*GetCharField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jshort (*GetShortField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jint (*GetIntField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jlong (*GetLongField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jfloat (*GetFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
jdouble (*GetDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
void (*SetObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jobject);
void (*SetBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jboolean);
void (*SetByteField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jbyte);
void (*SetCharField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jchar);
void (*SetShortField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jshort);
void (*SetIntField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jint);
void (*SetLongField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jlong);
void (*SetFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jfloat);
void (*SetDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jdouble);
jmethodID (*GetStaticMethodID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*, const char*);
jobject (*CallStaticObjectMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jobject (*CallStaticObjectMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jobject (*CallStaticObjectMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jboolean (*CallStaticBooleanMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jboolean (*CallStaticBooleanMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID,
va_list);
jboolean (*CallStaticBooleanMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID,
jvalue*);
jbyte (*CallStaticByteMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jbyte (*CallStaticByteMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jbyte (*CallStaticByteMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jchar (*CallStaticCharMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jchar (*CallStaticCharMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jchar (*CallStaticCharMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jshort (*CallStaticShortMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jshort (*CallStaticShortMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jshort (*CallStaticShortMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jint (*CallStaticIntMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jint (*CallStaticIntMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jint (*CallStaticIntMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jlong (*CallStaticLongMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jlong (*CallStaticLongMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jlong (*CallStaticLongMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jfloat (*CallStaticFloatMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jfloat (*CallStaticFloatMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jfloat (*CallStaticFloatMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jdouble (*CallStaticDoubleMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
jdouble (*CallStaticDoubleMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
jdouble (*CallStaticDoubleMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
void (*CallStaticVoidMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
void (*CallStaticVoidMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
void (*CallStaticVoidMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
jfieldID (*GetStaticFieldID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*,
const char*);
jobject (*GetStaticObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jboolean (*GetStaticBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jbyte (*GetStaticByteField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jchar (*GetStaticCharField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jshort (*GetStaticShortField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jint (*GetStaticIntField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jlong (*GetStaticLongField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jfloat (*GetStaticFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
jdouble (*GetStaticDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
void (*SetStaticObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jobject);
void (*SetStaticBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jboolean);
void (*SetStaticByteField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jbyte);
void (*SetStaticCharField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jchar);
void (*SetStaticShortField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jshort);
void (*SetStaticIntField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jint);
void (*SetStaticLongField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jlong);
void (*SetStaticFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jfloat);
void (*SetStaticDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jdouble);
jstring (*NewString)(JNIEnv*, const jchar*, jsize);
jsize (*GetStringLength)(JNIEnv*, jstring);
const jchar* (*GetStringChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, jboolean*);
void (*ReleaseStringChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, const jchar*);
jstring (*NewStringUTF)(JNIEnv*, const char*);
jsize (*GetStringUTFLength)(JNIEnv*, jstring);
/* JNI spec says this returns const jbyte*, but that's inconsistent */
const char* (*GetStringUTFChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, jboolean*);
void (*ReleaseStringUTFChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, const char*);
jsize (*GetArrayLength)(JNIEnv*, jarray);
jobjectArray (*NewObjectArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize, jclass, jobject);
jobject (*GetObjectArrayElement)(JNIEnv*, jobjectArray, jsize);
void (*SetObjectArrayElement)(JNIEnv*, jobjectArray, jsize, jobject);
jbooleanArray (*NewBooleanArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jbyteArray (*NewByteArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jcharArray (*NewCharArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jshortArray (*NewShortArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jintArray (*NewIntArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jlongArray (*NewLongArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jfloatArray (*NewFloatArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jdoubleArray (*NewDoubleArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
jboolean* (*GetBooleanArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbooleanArray, jboolean*);
jbyte* (*GetByteArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbyteArray, jboolean*);
jchar* (*GetCharArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jcharArray, jboolean*);
jshort* (*GetShortArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jshortArray, jboolean*);
jint* (*GetIntArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jintArray, jboolean*);
jlong* (*GetLongArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jlongArray, jboolean*);
jfloat* (*GetFloatArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jfloatArray, jboolean*);
jdouble* (*GetDoubleArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jdoubleArray, jboolean*);
void (*ReleaseBooleanArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbooleanArray,
jboolean*, jint);
void (*ReleaseByteArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbyteArray,
jbyte*, jint);
void (*ReleaseCharArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jcharArray,
jchar*, jint);
void (*ReleaseShortArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jshortArray,
jshort*, jint);
void (*ReleaseIntArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jintArray,
jint*, jint);
void (*ReleaseLongArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jlongArray,
jlong*, jint);
void (*ReleaseFloatArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jfloatArray,
jfloat*, jint);
void (*ReleaseDoubleArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jdoubleArray,
jdouble*, jint);
void (*GetBooleanArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jbooleanArray,
jsize, jsize, jboolean*);
void (*GetByteArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jbyteArray,
jsize, jsize, jbyte*);
void (*GetCharArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jcharArray,
jsize, jsize, jchar*);
void (*GetShortArrayRegion