深入理解Dalvik虚拟机- Android应用进程启动过程分析

Android的应用进程启动是apk在manifest里申明的Activity，Service，BroadcastReceiver等组件被调起时而触发的。我们以Activity为例，当点击桌面上的应用图标时，桌面会调用startActivity，启动manifest里申明的相应Launcher的Activity，而Activity的startActivity会通过Binder调用来到ActivityManagerService(AMS)里。AMS是system_server的一个服务，负责管理Android系统的所有Activity的栈，逻辑比较复杂，在这里就不详细分析，以后专门写AMS的专题。AMS里startActivity的时候，如果发现这个应用进程没有启动，那么就会通过Zygote创建出这个进程。 

frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java：

private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,
            String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) {
   ...
   ...
   Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start("android.app.ActivityThread",
                    app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
                    app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, null);
   ...
   ...
}

显然是通过调用Process.start来启动进程，”android.app.ActivityThread” 这个参数是整个进程启动的入口类，后续的分析可以看到，进程被fork出来之后，就会调用android.app.ActivityThread的main函数。

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java：

    public static final ProcessStartResult start(final String processClass,
                                  final String niceName,
                                  int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
                                  int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                                  int targetSdkVersion,
                                  String seInfo,
                                  String[] zygoteArgs) {
        try {
            return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                    debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo, zygoteArgs);
        } catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
            Log.e(LOG_TAG,
                    "Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Starting VM process through Zygote failed", ex);
        }
    }

    private static ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(final String processClass,
                                  final String niceName,
                                  final int uid, final int gid,
                                  final int[] gids,
                                  int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                                  int targetSdkVersion,
                                  String seInfo,
                                  String[] extraArgs)
                                  throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        synchronized(Process.class) {
            ArrayList<String> argsForZygote = new ArrayList<String>();

            // --runtime-init, --setuid=, --setgid=,
            // and --setgroups= must go first
            argsForZygote.add("--runtime-init");
            argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
            argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
            if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JNI_LOGGING) != 0) {
                argsForZygote.add("--enable-jni-logging");
            }
            if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_SAFEMODE) != 0) {
                argsForZygote.add("--enable-safemode");
            }
            if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER) != 0) {
                argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
            }
            if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_CHECKJNI) != 0) {
                argsForZygote.add("--enable-checkjni");
            }
            if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_ASSERT) != 0) {
                argsForZygote.add("--enable-assert");
            }
            if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER) {
                argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-multiuser");
            } else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER_ALL) {
                argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-multiuser-all");
            }
            argsForZygote.add("--target-sdk-version=" + targetSdkVersion);

            //TODO optionally enable debuger
            //argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");

            // --setgroups is a comma-separated list
            if (gids != null && gids.length > 0) {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                sb.append("--setgroups=");

                int sz = gids.length;
                for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
                    if (i != 0) {
                        sb.append(',');
                    }
                    sb.append(gids[i]);
                }

                argsForZygote.add(sb.toString());
            }

            if (niceName != null) {
                argsForZygote.add("--nice-name=" + niceName);
            }

            if (seInfo != null) {
                argsForZygote.add("--seinfo=" + seInfo);
            }

            argsForZygote.add(processClass);

            if (extraArgs != null) {
                for (String arg : extraArgs) {
                    argsForZygote.add(arg);
                }
            }
            return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi), argsForZygote);
        }
    }

    private static ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        if (primaryZygoteState == null || primaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
            try {
                primaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(ZYGOTE_SOCKET);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Error connecting to primary zygote", ioe);
            }
        }

        if (primaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
            return primaryZygoteState;
        }