JNI之C++调用Java类 ——java.lang.String

JNI之C++调用Java类

              ——java.lang.String

              为什么要用C++调用Java类？很难回答，写着文章只是觉得JNI很有意思。于是开始编写一段使用VC++在Windows系统里调用java的String类，在C++里调用String类内的一些方法。

JNI已经被开发了很多年，而在我2年多的Java编程时间里从来没有接触过。直到最近研究JVM实现原理才注意到JNI。 JNI既Java Native Interface，Native这个词我见过我认为最恰当的翻译就是原生。原生的意思就是来自系统自己的，原汁原味的东西，例如Win32 API。Java类需要在虚拟机上运行，也就不是原生的，同样.NET Framework也不是原生的。JNI也就是Java原生接口。关于JNI的规范，以及为什么要使用它，它能做些什么，都在http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jni/spec/jniTOC.html里记述着。

              JNI是规范，它规定了虚拟机的接口，而把具体的实现留给开发者。

JVM的实现不是唯一的，目前存在很多种Java虚拟机，Sun Hotspot，IBM JDK，还有HP的，Kaffe等等。最流行的就是Sun的Hotspot，最复杂的就是IBM JDK，这是IBM的一贯作风。本文不讨论JVM的实现，只关注JNI。如果您安装了Sun的JDK，您就能在[JAVA_HOME]/include目录下找到jni.h。这个头文件就是虚拟机的唯一接口，你可以调用它声明的函数创建一个JVM。

              在说明C++调用Java类之前，我想先演示一下如果编写Java Native Method。

1．编写带有Native方法的Java类

package org.colimas.jni.test;

 

public class JniTest {

 

               static { System.loadLibrary("JniTestImpl"); }  //JVM调用JniTestImpl.dll

               

               public JniTest(){

               

               }

               //原生方法

               public native void print(String str);

              /**

               * @param args

               */

              public static void main(String[] args) {

                           

                            JniTest test=new JniTest();

                            test.print("hello JVM"); //调用原生方法

                           

              }

}

2．使用javah生成c语言头文件。

javah -jni org.colimas.jni.test.JniTest

目录里多了一个org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest.h文件，打开文件，内容如下:

/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */

#include <jni.h>

/* Header for class org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest */

 

#ifndef _Included_org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest

#define _Included_org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C" {

#endif

/*

 * Class:     org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest

 * Method:    print

 * Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)V

 */

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest_print

  (JNIEnv *, jobject, jstring);

 

#ifdef __cplusplus

}

#endif

#endif

 

其中的Java_org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest_print就是JniTest类里面的print原生方法的C语言声明。

3．编写C代码实现原生方法print

#include <jni.h>

#include "org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest.h" //javah生成的头文件

#include <stdio.h>

 

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_org_colimas_jni_test_JniTest_print

  (JNIEnv *env, jobject object,jstring str)

{

       //获得字符串

       const char * txt=(*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env,str,0);

       printf("%s/n",txt); //打印到控制台

       return;

}

 

参数JNIEnv *env，是JNI里最重要的变量。Java.exe创建JVM，之后JVM生成一个env，该env相当于JVM内的Session，可以完成创建Java对象，调用类方法，获得类的属性等等。

在这里env将方法的参数Str从JNI的jstring类型转换为常数char数组。

4．编译

cl  /Ic:/j2sdk 1.4.2 _10/include /Ic:/j2sdk1.4.2_10/include/win32 /c  JniTestImpl.c

 

5．连接为DLL

link /dll JniTestImpl.obj

6．设置PATH

set PATH=C:/MyProject/Colimas/CD/JNI/MyJNI;%PATH%

7．运行

java org.colimas.jni.test.JniTest

返回结果

hello JVM

结束

              以上是实现Java原生方法的开发过程，下面进入正题，使用C++调用Java的java.lang.String类。

1.      Object类出创建JVM。

使用Java类之前必须要创建JVM环境。JDK由java.exe来完成。本文有Object类的静态方法BeginJVM来创建，用EndJVM来关闭。

创建JVM之后会在创建2个变量，分别是JNIEnv* env和JavaVM* jvm，JNIEnv上文已经说明，JavaVM，顾名思义，代表Java虚拟机，用它来关闭JVM。

Object类的头文件

 

#include "jni.h"

class Object 

{

public:

              static bool BeginJVM();

              static bool EndJVM();

              Object();

              virtual ~Object();

 

protected:

               static JNIEnv* env;

               static JavaVM* jvm;

};

 

object.cpp代码

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "JavaClasses.h"

#include "Object.h"

 

Object::Object()

{}

 

Object::~Object()

{}

 

JNIEnv* Object::env=NULL;

JavaVM* Object::jvm=NULL;

//创建JVM

bool Object::BeginJVM()

{

              JavaVMOption options[3];

              JavaVMInitArgs vm_args;

//各种参数

              options[0].optionString="-Xmx 128m ";

              options[1].optionString="-Verbose:gc";

              options[2].optionString="-Djava.class.path=.";

 

              vm_args.version=JNI_VERSION_1_2;

              vm_args.options=options;

              vm_args.nOptions=3;

//创建JVM，获得jvm和env

              int res = JNI_CreateJavaVM(&jvm,(void **)&env, &vm_args);

              return true;

}

 

bool Object::EndJVM()

{

//关闭JVM

              jvm->DestroyJavaVM();

              return true;

}

2.      C++的String类调用java.lang.String类方法

编写C++版的String类，调用java String类方法。调用的方法如下：

              String  replaceAll(String regex, String replacement);

              boolean endsWith(String str);

              int indexOf(String str);

              int compareTo(String anotherString);

              char charAt(int i);

 

String的头文件:

class String  :public Object

{

public:

//与要调用的Java方法名一致。

              const char * replaceAll(char *regex,char *replacement);

              bool endsWith(char * str);

              int indexOf(char * str);

              int compareTo(char *anotherString);

              char charAt(int i);

              String(char *str);

              virtual ~String();

 

};

 

实现：

 

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "String.h"

#include "jni.h"

 

using namespace std;

jclass clazz;    //全局变量，用来传递class

jobject object;  //全局变量，用来传递object

String::String(char *str)

{

    jstring jstr;

 

              if (Object::env ==NULL)

              {

                            cout << "JVM is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              //获得java.lang.String类

              clazz=Object::env->FindClass("java/lang/String");

              if (clazz ==0 ){

                            cout << "Class is not found" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              //获得String(String str)构造体

              jmethodID mid= Object::env->GetMethodID(clazz,"<init>", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V");

              if (mid==0){

                            cerr<< "GetMethodID Error for class" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

//江字符串封装为jstring。

    jstr = Object::env->NewStringUTF(str);

    if (jstr == 0) {

                            cerr << "Out of memory" <<endl;

        exit(-1);

    }

 

              cout << "invoking method" << endl;

//创建一个java.lang.String对象。

              object=Object::env->NewObject(clazz,mid,jstr);

 

}

 

String::~String()

{}

 

char String::charAt(int i)

{

              if (Object::env ==NULL)

              {

                            cout << "JVM is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (clazz ==0 ){

                            cout << "Class is not found" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (object ==0 ){

                            cout << "String object is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jmethodID mid;

              //获得charAt方法，（I）C表示 参数为int型，返回char型。详细参见JNI规范

              mid= Object::env->GetMethodID(clazz,"charAt", "(I)C");

              if (mid==0){

                            cerr<< "GetMethodID Error for class" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jint ji=i;

              cout << "invoking method" << endl;

//调用charAt

              jchar z=Object::env->CallCharMethod(object,mid,i);

//返回结果。

              return z;

 

}

 

int String::compareTo(char *anotherString)

{

              if (Object::env ==NULL)

              {

                            cout << "JVM is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (clazz ==0 ){

                            cout << "Class is not found" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (object ==0 ){

                            cout << "String object is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jmethodID mid;

//(Ljava/lang/String;)I表示参数为java.lang.String，返回int

              mid= Object::env->GetMethodID(clazz,"compareTo", "(Ljava/lang/String;)I");

              if (mid==0){

                            cerr<< "GetMethodID Error for class" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jstring jstr = Object::env->NewStringUTF(anotherString);

              cout << "invoking method" << endl;

//调用方法

jint z=Object::env->CallIntMethod(object,mid,jstr);

//返回结果

              return z;

}

 

int String::indexOf(char *str)

{

              if (Object::env ==NULL)

              {

                            cout << "JVM is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (clazz ==0 ){

                            cout << "Class is not found" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (object ==0 ){

                            cout << "String object is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jmethodID mid;

 

              mid= Object::env->GetMethodID(clazz,"indexOf", "(Ljava/lang/String;)I");

              if (mid==0){

                            cerr<< "GetMethodID Error for class" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jstring jstr = Object::env->NewStringUTF(str);

              cout << "invoking method" << endl;

              jint z=Object::env->CallIntMethod(object,mid,jstr);

 

              return z;

}

 

bool String::endsWith(char *str)

{

              if (Object::env ==NULL)

              {

                            cout << "JVM is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (clazz ==0 ){

                            cout << "Class is not found" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (object ==0 ){

                            cout << "String object is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jmethodID mid;

 

              mid= Object::env->GetMethodID(clazz,"endsWith", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z");

              if (mid==0){

                            cerr<< "GetMethodID Error for class" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jstring jstr = Object::env->NewStringUTF(str);

              cout << "invoking method" << endl;

              bool z=Object::env->CallBooleanMethod(object,mid,jstr);

             

              return z;

}

 

const char * String::replaceAll(char *regex, char *replacement)

{

 

 

              if (Object::env ==NULL)

              {

                            cout << "JVM is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (clazz ==0 ){

                            cout << "Class is not found" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              if (object ==0 ){

                            cout << "String object is not created" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jmethodID mid;

 

              mid= Object::env->GetMethodID(clazz,"replaceAll", "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;");

              if (mid==0){

                            cerr<< "GetMethodID Error for class" << endl;

                            exit(-1);

              }

              jvalue array[2];

              jstring jreg = Object::env->NewStringUTF(regex);

              jstring jstr = Object::env->NewStringUTF(replacement);

              array[0].l=jreg;

              array[1].l=jstr;

              cout << "invoking method" << endl;

//传入参数，调用replaceAll方法

              jobject z=Object::env->CallObjectMethodA(object,mid,array);

              const char *result=Object::env->GetStringUTFChars((jstring)z, 0);

              return (const char *)result;

}

 

3．测试

 

编写测试代码

using namespace std;

 

int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR* argv[], TCHAR* envp[])

{

              int nRetCode = 0;

 

              if (!AfxWinInit(::GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, ::GetCommandLine(), 0))

              {

                            cerr << _T("Fatal Error: MFC initialization failed") << endl;

                            nRetCode = 1;

              }

              else

              {

//创建JVM

                            Object::BeginJVM();

                           

                            String test("hello");

                            //调用replaceAll

                            const char *result=test.replaceAll("l","z");

                            //返回结果

                            cout<< result <<endl;

                            //关闭JVM

                            Object::EndJVM();

              }

 

              return nRetCode;

}

 

 

 

4．运行

编译需要 jni.h和jvm.lib文件。

jni.h在[JAVA_HOME]/include

jvm.lib在[JAVA_HOME]/lib

 

运行需要jvm.dll

jvm.dll在[JAVA_HOME]/ jre/bin/client

运行结果如下：

invoking method

invoking method

hezzo

Press any key to continue

             

              尽管本文的代码很有意思，但我还没有想到有什么价值，以及应用到实际项目中的理由。