工作内容集中到Contact模块,这个应用查询数据的地方很多,其使用了CursorLoader这个工具大大简化了代码复杂度。android自3.0提供了Loader机制,当时google的API只是简单的介绍了一下没有给出用法,大家很少有关注。后来因为重度模型下的性能优化,R&D的朋友发现这个东西非常给力,这才开始注意到这个强大的工具。CursorLoader是Loader的子类,可以说是Loader的升级版。这篇小结以loader为基础说明,弄懂原理之后也就明白了CursorLoader。
先说说google官方对Loader的介绍Loader对activity和fragment可用;Loader可以移步加载数据;loader自己会监视数据源的变化并且会主动上报;当发生配置上的变化,重新生成的loader会自动连接到变化前的cursor,这样就避免再查一次数据库。咱自己在补充一个,loader能在应用不使用查询到的资源时候,自动将其释放。这些介绍自android3.0之后,就可以从官方文档山看到。当时依据这些并不知道怎么样使用,看了framework侧的实现之后还是一头雾水:咋用。现在来看这就像activity一样,我们可以不知道framework中怎么样开始一个activity怎么样管理activity但是我们仍然能很好的使用activity;对于CursorLoader,我们大可以不必知道framework中的原理,只要利用好google提供的接口LoaderManager以及为其注册事件的接口LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks就可以实现我们需要的功能。
实际上CursorLoader完全可以看成一个很牛的查询工具,拥有一般的查询不具备的能力,如上面的google官方介绍。我们通过LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks接口来在适当的时候提供查询配置或者利用查询返回到的结果。使用好CursorLoader重在实现好LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks接口。看下这个接口里面提供了哪些方法:
代码如下:
public interface LoaderCallbacks<D> {
public Loader<D> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args);
public void onLoadFinished(Loader<D> loader, D data);
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<D> loader);
}
第一个方法onCreateLoader是创建Loader时候调用,是为了提供查询的配置,比如查询地址,查询项目等。这个方法会在loader初始化也就是注册这个接口的时候调用,常见代码如下:
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
第一个参数是当前activity里面loader的ID,一般为0
第二个参数一般置null
第三个就是实现了LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks的类,一般就是当前activity。
这句代码执行之后就会执行onCreateLoader,然后去查询,查询结束之后就会执行onLoadFinished,做你需要做的事情。一般就在第二个方法里面利用查询结果,如传递到一个adapter进行显示。第三个方法onLoaderReset是在我们的配置发生变化的,使用restartLoader(int , Bundle ,LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks)方法重新初始化loader之后调用的,一般是用来释放对前面loader查询到的结果引用。对Loader的使用只需要在重新初始化之前去除引用,退出activity时候不需要关闭cursor释放资源。
到这里loader的用法就已经说完了,记住上面三个方法的用处,在适当的地方初始化loader,我们就可以利用Loader实现我们的需要。现在说说Loader和CursorLoader的关系:Loader是核心,其已经实现了基本功能;AsyncTaskLoader继承自Loader,主要任务就是将耗时操作从主线程中剥离出来;CursorLoader继承自AsyncTaskLoader,是泛型类的一个具体类,也是我们最常用Loader。
Loader的到来给android应用开发带来了很大的方便。在数据加载的性能优化中有一项分布加载,没有Loader之前,我们需要将查询实现在AsyncQueryHandler类里面,在其onQueryComplete回调方法里面触发后续查询。上面这些需要自定义一个内部类,一堆代码,搞得晕乎乎的。%>_<% 用来Loader只要在onLoadFinished里面增加一些判断即可,很方便
示例代码如下:
/**
* A {@link ListFragment} that shows the use of a {@link LoaderManager} to
* display a list of contacts accessed through a {@link Cursor}.
*/
/*
* (1)继承Fragment或者其子类,用于创建一个Fragment。实现LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks接口,用于与Loader的交互
* 。 官方文档: A callback interface for a client to interact with the LoaderManager.
* For example, you use the onCreateLoader() callback method to create a new
* loader.
*/
public class CursorLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
// The SearchView for doing filtering.
SearchView mSearchView;
/*
* (2)在Activity被创建时调用此方法。Called when the fragment's activity has been
* created and this fragment's view hierarchy instantiated. You typically
* initialize a Loader within the activity's onCreate() method, or within
* the fragment's onActivityCreated() method.
*/@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
// Give some text to display if there is no data. In a real
// application this would come from a resource.
setEmptyText("No phone numbers");
/*
* Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data. The
* simple_list_item_2 layout contains two rows on top of each other
* (text1 and text2) that will show the contact's name and status.
*/
// (3)设置Fragment的顯示內容
mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, null, new String[] {
Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS },
new int[] { android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2 }, 0);
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
// Start out with a progress indicator.
setListShown(false);
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
/*
* (4)創建一個Loader,此Loader用于為Fragment載入內容。You typically initialize a
* Loader within the activity's onCreate() method, or within the
* fragment's onActivityCreated() method.
* 此方法將自動調用LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks接口的onCreateLoader方法。
*/
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
}
/**
* An item has been clicked in the {@link ListView}. Display a toast with
* the tapped item's id.
*/
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Item clicked: " + id, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
// These are the Contacts rows that we will retrieve.
static final String[] CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION = new String[] {
Contacts._ID, Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS,
Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY, };
/*
* (5)Loader被創建時的操作,一般用于加載內容。In this example, the onCreateLoader() callback
* method creates a CursorLoader. You must build the CursorLoader using its
* constructor method, which requires the complete set of information needed
* to perform a query to the ContentProvider.
*/public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
// This is called when a new Loader needs to be created. This
// sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID.
// First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are
// currently filtering.
Uri baseUri;
baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
// Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of
// creating a Cursor for the data being displayed.
String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND ("
+ Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND ("
+ Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))";
String order = Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC";
return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri,
CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null, order);
}
/*
* (6)内容被加载完成后的操作。The loader will release the data once it knows the
* application is no longer using it. For example, if the data is a cursor
* from a CursorLoader, you should not call close() on it yourself. If the
* cursor is being placed in a CursorAdapter, you should use the
* swapCursor() method so that the old Cursor is not closed.
*/public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
// Swap the new cursor in. (The framework will take care of closing the
// old cursor once we return.)
// Swap in a new Cursor, returning the old Cursor. Unlike
// changeCursor(Cursor), the returned old Cursor is not closed.
mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
// The list should now be shown.
if (isResumed()) {
setListShown(true);
} else {
setListShownNoAnimation(true);
}
}
// (7)Loader被重新加载时的操作。
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
// This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
// above is about to be closed. We need to make sure we are no
// longer using it.
mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
}
}
本文为两个文章整理得到,原文地址如下:
http://www.jb51.net/article/37767.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/jediael_lu/article/details/16354815
http://blog.csdn.net/jediael_lu/article/details/16354783