Java中Cloneable 和 clone()的总结和使用

一.Cloneable 的用途

Cloneable和Serializable一样都是标记型接口，它们内部都没有方法和属性，implements Cloneable表示该对象能被克隆，能使用Object.clone()方法。如果没有implements Cloneable的类调用Object.clone()方法就会抛出CloneNotSupportedException。

二.克隆的分类

(1)浅克隆（shallow clone），浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身和对象中的基本变量，而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。
(2)深克隆（deep clone），深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身，而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。

举例区别一下：对象A1中包含对B1的引用，B1中包含对C1的引用。浅拷贝A1得到A2，A2中依然包含对B1的引用，B1中依然包含对C1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归，深拷贝A1得到A2，A2中包含对B2（B1的copy）的引用，B2中包含对C2（C1的copy）的引用。

三.克隆的举例

要让一个对象进行克隆，其实就是两个步骤：
1. 让该类实现java.lang.Cloneable接口；
2. 重写（override）Object类的clone()方法。

public class Wife implements Cloneable {  
    private int id;  
    private String name;  

    public int getId() {  
        return id;  
    }  

    public void setId(int id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  

    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  

    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  

    public Wife(int id,String name) {  
        this.id = id;  
        this.name = name;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public int hashCode() {//myeclipse自动生成的  
        final int prime = 31;  
        int result = 1;  
        result = prime * result + id;  
        result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());  
        return result;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {//myeclipse自动生成的  
        if (this == obj)  
            return true;  
        if (obj == null)  
            return false;  
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())  
            return false;  
        Wife other = (Wife) obj;  
        if (id != other.id)  
            return false;  
        if (name == null) {  
            if (other.name != null)  
                return false;  
        } else if (!name.equals(other.name))  
            return false;  
        return true;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        return super.clone();  
    }  

    /** 
     * @param args 
     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException  
     */  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        Wife wife = new Wife(1,"wang");  
        Wife wife2 = null;  
        wife2 = (Wife) wife.clone();  
        System.out.println("class same="+(wife.getClass()==wife2.getClass()));//true  
        System.out.println("object same="+(wife==wife2));//false  
        System.out.println("object equals="+(wife.equals(wife2)));//true  
    }  
}  

四.浅克隆的举例

public class Husband implements Cloneable {  
    private int id;  
    private Wife wife;  

    public Wife getWife() {  
        return wife;  
    }  

    public void setWife(Wife wife) {  
        this.wife = wife;  
    }  

    public int getId() {  
        return id;  
    }  

    public void setId(int id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  

    public Husband(int id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public int hashCode() {//myeclipse自动生成的  
        final int prime = 31;  
        int result = 1;  
        result = prime * result + id;  
        return result;  
    }  

    @Override  
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        return super.clone();  
    }  

    @Override  
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {//myeclipse自动生成的  
        if (this == obj)  
            return true;  
        if (obj == null)  
            return false;  
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())  
            return false;  
        Husband other = (Husband) obj;  
        if (id != other.id)  
            return false;  
        return true;  
    }  

    /** 
     * @param args 
     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException  
     */  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        Wife wife = new Wife(1,"jin");  
        Husband husband = new Husband(1);  
        Husband husband2 = null;  
        husband.setWife(wife);  
        husband2 = (Husband) husband.clone();  
        System.out.println("husband class same="+(husband.getClass()==husband2.getClass()));//true  
        System.out.println("husband object same="+(husband==husband2));//false  
        System.out.println("husband object equals="+(husband.equals(husband)));//true  
        System.out.println("wife class same="+(husband.getWife().getClass()==husband2.getWife().getClass()));//true  
        System.out.println("wife object same="+(husband.getWife()==husband2.getWife()));//true  
        System.out.println("wife object equals="+(husband.getWife().equals(husband.getWife())));//true  
    }  
}  

五.深克隆的举例

如果要深克隆，需要重写（override）Object类的clone()方法，并且在方法内部调用持有对象的clone()方法；注意如下代码的clone()方法

public class Husband implements Cloneable {  
    private int id;  
    private Wife wife;  

    public Wife getWife() {  
        return wife;  
    }  

    public void setWife(Wife wife) {  
        this.wife = wife;  
    }  

    public int getId() {  
        return id;  
    }  

    public void setId(int id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  

    public Husband(int id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public int hashCode() {//myeclipse自动生成的  
        final int prime = 31;  
        int result = 1;  
        result = prime * result + id;  
        return result;  
    }  

    @Override  
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        Husband husband = (Husband) super.clone();  
        husband.wife = (Wife) husband.getWife().clone();  
        return husband;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {//myeclipse自动生成的  
        if (this == obj)  
            return true;  
        if (obj == null)  
            return false;  
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())  
            return false;  
        Husband other = (Husband) obj;  
        if (id != other.id)  
            return false;  
        return true;  
    }  

    /** 
     * @param args 
     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException  
     */  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        Wife wife = new Wife(1,"jin");  
        Husband husband = new Husband(1);  
        Husband husband2 = null;  
        husband.setWife(wife);  
        husband2 = (Husband) husband.clone();  
        System.out.println("husband class same="+(husband.getClass()==husband2.getClass()));//true  
        System.out.println("husband object same="+(husband==husband2));//false  
        System.out.println("husband object equals="+(husband.equals(husband)));//true  
        System.out.println("wife class same="+(husband.getWife().getClass()==husband2.getWife().getClass()));//true  
        System.out.println("wife object same="+(husband.getWife()==husband2.getWife()));//false  
        System.out.println("wife object equals="+(husband.getWife().equals(husband.getWife())));//true  
    }  
}  

但是也有不足之处，如果Husband内有N个对象属性，突然改变了类的结构，还要重新修改clone()方法。解决办法：可以使用Serializable运用反序列化手段，调用java.io.ObjectInputStream对象的 readObject()方法。